Question 1

Groupthink occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals in a group use evoked sets. 
B)  individuals in a group are excessively pessimistic. 
C)  individuals suppress the motivation to pursue alternative choices. 
D)  individuals pressure other group members to pursue alternative choices. 
E)  individuals in a group do not satisfice. 
A)  individuals in a group use evoked sets. 
B)  individuals in a group are excessively pessimistic. 
C)  individuals suppress the motivation to pursue alternative choices. 
D)  individuals pressure other group members to pursue alternative choices. 
E)  individuals in a group do not satisfice. C

Question 2

Personality characteristics affect the leadership of ________ more than ________ because the former are less likely to be checked by institutions than the latter.

Accepted Answer

A)  democratic leaders; dictators 
B)  dictators; democratic leaders 
C)  Republicans; Democrats 
D)  Democrats; Republicans 
E)  males; females 
A)  democratic leaders; dictators 
B)  dictators; democratic leaders 
C)  Republicans; Democrats 
D)  Democrats; Republicans 
E)  males; females B

Question 3

In contrast to realists and radicals, liberals and constructivists share a belief that individuals are ________ in international relations.

Accepted Answer

A)  important and can make a difference 
B)  less important than the international system 
C)  of little analytical value 
D)  almost as important as the state 
E)  only important in a crisis situation 
A)  important and can make a difference 
B)  less important than the international system 
C)  of little analytical value 
D)  almost as important as the state 
E)  only important in a crisis situation A

Question 4

Which school of thought places the most emphasis on the stories of private individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  realism 
B)  liberalism 
C)  radicalism 
D)  constructivism 
E)  passivism 
A)  realism 
B)  liberalism 
C)  radicalism 
D)  constructivism 
E)  passivism

Question 5

What is a drawback to the territorial imperative explanation of foreign policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some individuals and societies are not interested in defending their territory. 
B)  Some people get frustrated but they do not turn aggressive. 
C)  Even if all humans share the biological predisposition to defend their territory, not all leaders and peoples act on these predispositions. 
D)  Most large states feel they have no need to expand. 
E)  Most animal species prefer negotiation to conflict. 
A)  Some individuals and societies are not interested in defending their territory. 
B)  Some people get frustrated but they do not turn aggressive. 
C)  Even if all humans share the biological predisposition to defend their territory, not all leaders and peoples act on these predispositions. 
D)  Most large states feel they have no need to expand. 
E)  Most animal species prefer negotiation to conflict.

Question 6

Mass publics have quite different psychological tendencies than elite individuals or members of small groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of mirror imaging?

Accepted Answer

A)  Americans viewing the Soviet Union as hostile and untrustworthy during the Cold War 
B)  American policy makers shunning those who didn't agree with them during the Cold War 
C)  Americans viewing the Cold War through the lens of World War II 
D)  Americans thinking Soviet leaders were similar to themselves 
E)  Americans feeling Soviet actions followed the same pattern as Germany's actions 
A)  Americans viewing the Soviet Union as hostile and untrustworthy during the Cold War 
B)  American policy makers shunning those who didn't agree with them during the Cold War 
C)  Americans viewing the Cold War through the lens of World War II 
D)  Americans thinking Soviet leaders were similar to themselves 
E)  Americans feeling Soviet actions followed the same pattern as Germany's actions

Question 8

Part of the reason Franklin Roosevelt and Mikhail Gorbachev had so much individual influence on their respective countries was because

Accepted Answer

A)  they drew on their experiences as former UN representatives. 
B)  they held firm to the principles of their predecessors. 
C)  their countries were in economic crises during their time in power. 
D)  they refused to join any political parties. 
E)  they led their countries at times of domestic stability. 
A)  they drew on their experiences as former UN representatives. 
B)  they held firm to the principles of their predecessors. 
C)  their countries were in economic crises during their time in power. 
D)  they refused to join any political parties. 
E)  they led their countries at times of domestic stability.

Question 9

Even leaders of authoritarian regimes pay attention to the dominant mood of their mass public.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Aung San Suu Kyi won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading opposition to

Accepted Answer

A)  the Vietnam War. 
B)  the government in Tunisia. 
C)  nuclear proliferation. 
D)  prison camps in North Korea. 
E)  the government in Myanmar (Burma). 
A)  the Vietnam War. 
B)  the government in Tunisia. 
C)  nuclear proliferation. 
D)  prison camps in North Korea. 
E)  the government in Myanmar (Burma).

Question 11

Which example would constructivists use to explain the rise of "new ideas" in Soviet foreign policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the role played by Lenin 
B)  the role played by networks of pro-Western reformers 
C)  the role played by international capitalism 
D)  the role played by the Soviet military 
E)  the role played by rapid Soviet economic growth 
A)  the role played by Lenin 
B)  the role played by networks of pro-Western reformers 
C)  the role played by international capitalism 
D)  the role played by the Soviet military 
E)  the role played by rapid Soviet economic growth

Question 12

Political psychologist Margaret Hermann found that leaders can be divided into two foreign policy orientations based on their combination of personality traits. What are these orientations?

Accepted Answer

A)  independent and participatory 
B)  independent and nationalistic 
C)  participatory and nationalistic 
D)  participatory and controlling 
E)  self-confident and independent 
A)  independent and participatory 
B)  independent and nationalistic 
C)  participatory and nationalistic 
D)  participatory and controlling 
E)  self-confident and independent

Question 13

Individual leaders are most likely to have a powerful influence in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  when political institutions are stable and established. 
B)  when there are few institutional constraints. 
C)  when the issue is central rather than peripheral. 
D)  when the issue is routine. 
E)  when the information is clear and readily available. 
A)  when political institutions are stable and established. 
B)  when there are few institutional constraints. 
C)  when the issue is central rather than peripheral. 
D)  when the issue is routine. 
E)  when the information is clear and readily available.

Question 14

Which of the following is True of mass action?

Accepted Answer

A)  The masses, like elites, are controlled by formal institutions 
B)  Without elites, the masses cannot affect the course of world politics. 
C)  Mass action is never influenced by elites. 
D)  The tearing down of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is an example of elite action, rather than mass action, changing world politics. 
E)  U.S. immigration policy has been influenced by mass action. 
A)  The masses, like elites, are controlled by formal institutions 
B)  Without elites, the masses cannot affect the course of world politics. 
C)  Mass action is never influenced by elites. 
D)  The tearing down of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is an example of elite action, rather than mass action, changing world politics. 
E)  U.S. immigration policy has been influenced by mass action.

Question 15

Which of the following is True of arguments about traits differentiated by gender?

Accepted Answer

A)  No arguments in international relations point to differences in gender. 
B)  These differences cannot explain political behavior. 
C)  Women are seen as consensus builders. 
D)  These predispositions can always be cited to explain the extreme variation in individual behavior. 
E)  Feminists and constructivists argue that the differences between men and women are rooted in biology. 
A)  No arguments in international relations point to differences in gender. 
B)  These differences cannot explain political behavior. 
C)  Women are seen as consensus builders. 
D)  These predispositions can always be cited to explain the extreme variation in individual behavior. 
E)  Feminists and constructivists argue that the differences between men and women are rooted in biology.

Question 16

Satisficing, the tendency for groups to search for a "good enough" solution to a problem rather than the optimal one, means that states do not always use the rational decision-making model of foreign policy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

One of the problems with using an evoked set is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it can change an individual's belief system. 
B)  it biases toward thinking one's own actions are good and moral. 
C)  it biases toward thinking the enemy's actions are evil, immoral, and unjust. 
D)  key differences between situations are often ignored. 
E)  it inhibits individuals' ability to use perceptions to assist with decision making. 
A)  it can change an individual's belief system. 
B)  it biases toward thinking one's own actions are good and moral. 
C)  it biases toward thinking the enemy's actions are evil, immoral, and unjust. 
D)  key differences between situations are often ignored. 
E)  it inhibits individuals' ability to use perceptions to assist with decision making.

Question 18

A study analyzing Tony Blair found that he had a strong belief about his own ability to control events and a high need for power accompanied by a low conceptual complexity. Following Margaret Hermann's personality classification scheme, what type of foreign policy orientation does this show Tony Blair had?

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  participatory 
C)  nationalistic 
D)  controlling 
E)  self-confident 
A)  independent 
B)  participatory 
C)  nationalistic 
D)  controlling 
E)  self-confident

Question 19

Mirror imaging involves the tendency for small groups to shun members of the group who disagree with the majority opinion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What does mirror imaging entail?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency to accept information that is compatible with what has previously been accepted 
B)  the tendency to look for details in a present situation that are similar to information previously obtained 
C)  the tendency of groups to look for a "good enough" rather than optimal solution 
D)  the tendency for small groups to form a consensus and resist criticism of that core position 
E)  the tendency of individuals and groups to see in their opponent the opposite characteristics seen in themselves 
A)  the tendency to accept information that is compatible with what has previously been accepted 
B)  the tendency to look for details in a present situation that are similar to information previously obtained 
C)  the tendency of groups to look for a "good enough" rather than optimal solution 
D)  the tendency for small groups to form a consensus and resist criticism of that core position 
E)  the tendency of individuals and groups to see in their opponent the opposite characteristics seen in themselves

Groupthink occurs when

Personality characteristics affect the leadership of more than because the former are less likely to be checked by institutions than the latter.

In contrast to realists and radicals, liberals and constructivists share a belief that individuals are ________ in international relations.

Which school of thought places the most emphasis on the stories of private individuals?

What is a drawback to the territorial imperative explanation of foreign policy?

Mass publics have quite different psychological tendencies than elite individuals or members of small groups.

Which of the following is an example of mirror imaging?

Part of the reason Franklin Roosevelt and Mikhail Gorbachev had so much individual influence on their respective countries was because

Even leaders of authoritarian regimes pay attention to the dominant mood of their mass public.

Aung San Suu Kyi won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading opposition to

Which example would constructivists use to explain the rise of "new ideas" in Soviet foreign policy?

Political psychologist Margaret Hermann found that leaders can be divided into two foreign policy orientations based on their combination of personality traits. What are these orientations?

Individual leaders are most likely to have a powerful influence in which of the following situations?

Which of the following is True of mass action?

Which of the following is True of arguments about traits differentiated by gender?

Satisficing, the tendency for groups to search for a "good enough" solution to a problem rather than the optimal one, means that states do not always use the rational decision-making model of foreign policy.

One of the problems with using an evoked set is that

Mirror imaging involves the tendency for small groups to shun members of the group who disagree with the majority opinion.

What does mirror imaging entail?

Approaches to International Relations

The Historical Context of Contemporary International Relations

International Relations Theories

The International System

The State

Intergovernmental Organizations, International Law, and Nongovernmental Organizations

War and Strife

International Political Economy

Human Rights

Transnational Issues: the Environment, World Health, and Crime

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Exam 6: The Individual

Groupthink occurs when

Personality characteristics affect the leadership of ________ more than ________ because the former are less likely to be checked by institutions than the latter.

In contrast to realists and radicals, liberals and constructivists share a belief that individuals are ________ in international relations.

Which school of thought places the most emphasis on the stories of private individuals?

What is a drawback to the territorial imperative explanation of foreign policy?

Mass publics have quite different psychological tendencies than elite individuals or members of small groups.

Which of the following is an example of mirror imaging?

Part of the reason Franklin Roosevelt and Mikhail Gorbachev had so much individual influence on their respective countries was because

Even leaders of authoritarian regimes pay attention to the dominant mood of their mass public.

Aung San Suu Kyi won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading opposition to

Which example would constructivists use to explain the rise of "new ideas" in Soviet foreign policy?

Political psychologist Margaret Hermann found that leaders can be divided into two foreign policy orientations based on their combination of personality traits. What are these orientations?

Individual leaders are most likely to have a powerful influence in which of the following situations?

Which of the following is True of mass action?

Which of the following is True of arguments about traits differentiated by gender?

Satisficing, the tendency for groups to search for a "good enough" solution to a problem rather than the optimal one, means that states do not always use the rational decision-making model of foreign policy.

One of the problems with using an evoked set is that

Mirror imaging involves the tendency for small groups to shun members of the group who disagree with the majority opinion.

What does mirror imaging entail?

Approaches to International Relations

The Historical Context of Contemporary International Relations

International Relations Theories

The International System

The State

Intergovernmental Organizations, International Law, and Nongovernmental Organizations

War and Strife

International Political Economy

Human Rights

Transnational Issues: the Environment, World Health, and Crime

Filters

Personality characteristics affect the leadership of more than because the former are less likely to be checked by institutions than the latter.