Question 1

Which of the following is thought to be the major factor in the pathogenesis of liver injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 
B)  proinflammatory cytokines 
C)  cytotoxic T cell responses 
D)  natural killer cell activity 
A)  antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 
B)  proinflammatory cytokines 
C)  cytotoxic T cell responses 
D)  natural killer cell activity C

Question 2

Which of the following types of breath odor is associated with liver failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  sweet, musty 
B)  breadlike 
C)  ammonia 
D)  garlic 
A)  sweet, musty 
B)  breadlike 
C)  ammonia 
D)  garlic A

Question 3

Which of the following tests is the best way to screen for problems before dental treatment of an alcoholic patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  bilirubin total 
B)  alkaline phosphatase total 
C)  LDH total 
D)  a complete blood count (CB
C)  
A)  bilirubin total 
B)  alkaline phosphatase total 
C)  LDH total 
D)  a complete blood count (CB
C)  D

Question 4

Which of the following is the most reliable prognostic factor in acute hepatic failure due to hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in personality 
B)  the degree of prolongation of prothrombin time 
C)  serum aminotransferase levels 
D)  viral titers 
A)  changes in personality 
B)  the degree of prolongation of prothrombin time 
C)  serum aminotransferase levels 
D)  viral titers

Question 5

Which of the following hepatitis viruses is second most likely (following hepatitis B)to be transmitted occupationally to a dental healthcare worker?

Accepted Answer

A)  HAV 
B)  HCV 
C)  HEV 
D)  non-A-E 
A)  HAV 
B)  HCV 
C)  HEV 
D)  non-A-E

Question 6

Which of the following is true of the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fatty liver is not reversible. 
B)  Alcoholic hepatitis may be fatal if damage is widespread. 
C)  In some patients with cirrhosis, blood from bleeding ulcers and esophageal varices is incompletely metabolized to ammonia. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c 
A)  Fatty liver is not reversible. 
B)  Alcoholic hepatitis may be fatal if damage is widespread. 
C)  In some patients with cirrhosis, blood from bleeding ulcers and esophageal varices is incompletely metabolized to ammonia. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute viral hepatitis is marked by a prominent fibrosis observed during histologic evaluation. 
B)  Immunohistochemical stains for hepatitis antigens are positive during the acute disease. 
C)  There are reliably distinctive features in the liver that separate the five viral forms of acute hepatitis from one another. 
D)  Serologic tests are adequate for the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis, so liver biopsy is not recommended unless the diagnosis remains unclear and a therapeutic decision is needed. 
A)  Acute viral hepatitis is marked by a prominent fibrosis observed during histologic evaluation. 
B)  Immunohistochemical stains for hepatitis antigens are positive during the acute disease. 
C)  There are reliably distinctive features in the liver that separate the five viral forms of acute hepatitis from one another. 
D)  Serologic tests are adequate for the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis, so liver biopsy is not recommended unless the diagnosis remains unclear and a therapeutic decision is needed.

Question 8

According to CDC guidelines,what should be done first if a vaccinated health care worker sustains a needlestick or puncture wound involving exposure to blood from a patient known to be HBsAg-positive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing, because the health care worker has already been vaccinated. 
B)  The health care worker should be tested for an adequate titer of anti-HBs if those levels are unknown. 
C)  The health care worker should immediately receive an injection of HBIG. 
D)  The health care worker should immediately receive an injection of the hepatitis B vaccine as a booster dose. 
A)  Nothing, because the health care worker has already been vaccinated. 
B)  The health care worker should be tested for an adequate titer of anti-HBs if those levels are unknown. 
C)  The health care worker should immediately receive an injection of HBIG. 
D)  The health care worker should immediately receive an injection of the hepatitis B vaccine as a booster dose.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding prevaccination screening and booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prevaccination screening and booster doses are recommended for all persons receiving the hepatitis B vaccination. 
B)  Prevaccination screening is not recommended; however, booster doses are recommended for all persons receiving the hepatitis B vaccination. 
C)  Prevaccination screening is not recommended except for adults in high-risk groups. Booster doses are not routinely recommended but may be appropriate for persons at high risk if titers of anti-HBs fall below what is considered protective. 
D)  Neither prevaccination screening, nor booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine are recommended for anyone. 
A)  Prevaccination screening and booster doses are recommended for all persons receiving the hepatitis B vaccination. 
B)  Prevaccination screening is not recommended; however, booster doses are recommended for all persons receiving the hepatitis B vaccination. 
C)  Prevaccination screening is not recommended except for adults in high-risk groups. Booster doses are not routinely recommended but may be appropriate for persons at high risk if titers of anti-HBs fall below what is considered protective. 
D)  Neither prevaccination screening, nor booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine are recommended for anyone.

Question 10

Which of the following is a form of infectious (rather than serum)hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatitis A 
B)  hepatitis B 
C)  hepatitis C 
D)  hepatitis D 
A)  hepatitis A 
B)  hepatitis B 
C)  hepatitis C 
D)  hepatitis D

Question 11

Which of the following is the most common means of transmission of hepatitis C?

Accepted Answer

A)  maternal-infant 
B)  sexual exposure 
C)  injection drug use 
D)  needlestick accidents 
A)  maternal-infant 
B)  sexual exposure 
C)  injection drug use 
D)  needlestick accidents

Question 12

Chronic active hepatitis B is diagnosed by the presence of ______ in blood serum.

Accepted Answer

A)  HBsAg 
B)  HBcAg 
C)  HBeAg 
D)  a, b, and c 
E)  a and c 
A)  HBsAg 
B)  HBcAg 
C)  HBeAg 
D)  a, b, and c 
E)  a and c

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with immunity to hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

A)  HBsAg 
B)  HBcAg 
C)  HBeAg 
D)  Anti-HBs 
E)  Anti-HBe 
A)  HBsAg 
B)  HBcAg 
C)  HBeAg 
D)  Anti-HBs 
E)  Anti-HBe

Question 14

(A/An)_______________ syndrome develops during the preicteric phase in approximately 10% to 20% of patients with acute hepatitis.

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic fatigue 
B)  irritable bowel 
C)  serum sickness-like 
D)  aspirin triad syndrome 
A)  chronic fatigue 
B)  irritable bowel 
C)  serum sickness-like 
D)  aspirin triad syndrome

Question 15

Which of the following is the most common means by which hepatitis A is spread?

Accepted Answer

A)  consumption of shellfish from contaminated waterways 
B)  fecal contamination of food or water 
C)  direct person-to-person exposure 
D)  blood transfusions 
A)  consumption of shellfish from contaminated waterways 
B)  fecal contamination of food or water 
C)  direct person-to-person exposure 
D)  blood transfusions

Exam 10: Liver Disease

Which of the following is thought to be the major factor in the pathogenesis of liver injury?

Which of the following types of breath odor is associated with liver failure?

Which of the following tests is the best way to screen for problems before dental treatment of an alcoholic patient?

Which of the following is the most reliable prognostic factor in acute hepatic failure due to hepatitis?

Which of the following hepatitis viruses is second most likely (following hepatitis B)to be transmitted occupationally to a dental healthcare worker?

Which of the following is true of the pathophysiology of alcoholic liver disease?

Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis?

According to CDC guidelines,what should be done first if a vaccinated health care worker sustains a needlestick or puncture wound involving exposure to blood from a patient known to be HBsAg-positive?

Which of the following is true regarding prevaccination screening and booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine?

Which of the following is a form of infectious (rather than serum)hepatitis?

Which of the following is the most common means of transmission of hepatitis C?

Chronic active hepatitis B is diagnosed by the presence of ______ in blood serum.

Which of the following is associated with immunity to hepatitis B?

(A/An)_______________ syndrome develops during the preicteric phase in approximately 10% to 20% of patients with acute hepatitis.

Which of the following is the most common means by which hepatitis A is spread?

Patient Evaluation and Risk Assessment

Infective Endocarditis

Hypertension

Ischemic Heart Disease

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Heart Failure or Congestive Heart Failure

Pulmonary Disease

Smoking and Tobacco Use Cessation

Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

Gastrointestinal Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Diabetes Mellitus

Adrenal Insufficiency

Thyroid Diseases

Pregnancy and Breast Feeding

Aids, HIV Infection, and Related Conditions

Allergy

Rheumatologic and Connective Tissue Disorders

Organ and Bone Marrow Transplantation

Disorders of Red Blood Cells

Disorders of White Blood Cells

Acquired Bleeding and Hypercoagulable Disorders

Congenital Bleeding and Hypercoagulable Disorders

Cancer and Oral Care of the Cancer Patient

Neurologic Disorders

Anxiety, eating Disorders, and Behavioral Reactions to Illness

Psychiatric Disorders

Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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