Exam 12: Education and Religion

In many areas of the United States, schools remain racially segregated or have become resegregated after earlier attempts at integration failed. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in __________ that "separate but equal" segregated schools are unconstitutional because they are inherently unequal.

Describe conflict perspectives on religion and distinguish between the approaches of sociologists Karl Marx and Max Weber.

In the United States, a great many different religious organizations that appeal to a wide variety of different people coexist together. This is termed religious __________.

__________ is associated with early hunting and gathering societies and with many Native American societies, in which everyday life was not separated from the elements of the natural world.

The work of __________ demonstrated that religion could be a catalyst for social change.

An important function of education is __________, which involves teaching students values such as discipline, respect, obedience, and punctuality.

Describe the different types of institutions that provide educational opportunities within the United States. Discuss current trends and challenges for colleges and universities.

Although many factors, including intelligence, motivation, and previous achievement, are important in determining how much education a person will attain, __________ argue that access to quality education is largely determined by social class.

A classic form of labeling and the self-fulfilling prophecy occurs through the use of __________ tests, which claim to measure a person's inherent intelligence, apart from any family or school influences on the individual.

The functions of religion (providing meaning and purpose, promoting social cohesion and a sense of belonging, and providing social control and support for the government) can only be fulfilled by beliefs and practices that are supernatural in nature.

All students are subject to the hidden curriculum in education.

July Fourth (Independence Day), Memorial Day, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Pledge of Allegiance would all be considered examples that correspond to __________.

Not all analysts or functionalists agree on what the functions of education should be in contemporary societies.

All types of religions have some type of all-powerful supernatural being at the center of the belief system.

Tracking or ability grouping is based on the assumption that it is easier to teach a group whose members have similar abilities. __________ theorists are critics of the practice of tracking, arguing that it negatively affects learning and achievement for many students.

A category of religion, __________ refers to a belief in a god or gods.

Education is the social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of __________ within a formally organized structure.

Most social scientists believe that tracking is an effective means of giving students of color and those from low-income families an opportunity to excel academically and thus enable future success.

In addition to teaching subject content and skills, school routines and regulations train students to respect cultural value; routines and regulations also and shape attitudes and values such as conformity and obedience to authority. Sociologists term this the __________.

According to the text, __________societies were among the first to practice monotheism, the belief in a single, supreme being or god who is responsible for significant events such as the creation of the world.