Exam 12: Education and Religion

In the absence of a constitutional amendment, issues relating to the separation of church and state, including religious instruction in public schools, are ultimately constitutional issues that are decided by __________.

__________ is the process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance within different sectors of society and culture.

A(n) __________ function in education includes teaching specific subjects, such as science, mathematics, reading, history, and English.

The informal relationship between religion and the state that takes the form of rituals and beliefs that create a feeling of sacredness around society or a nation is termed __________.

The term __________ refers to a social system in which status is assumed to be acquired through individual ability and effort.

Male students have a higher rate of graduation from high school and college than their female peers.

Both religion and education are responsible for teaching knowledge, cultural values, and beliefs.

According to the functionalist perspective, all social institutions, including education, have functions that are hidden, unstated, and sometimes unintended consequences of their activities. These are termed __________.

__________ are most likely to view grades, written comments on assignments, and evaluations of behavior in classes as contributing to labeling.

Discuss the conflict perspective on education and explain how tracking produces social inequality.

Over the five-year period from 2007 to 2012, the number of people who consider themselves religiously unaffiliated in the United States_______________.

Discuss the growth of religious fundamentalism throughout the world. Who are fundamentalists, and what attracts them to fundamentalism?​

Religions give moral direction and teach the principles of right and wrong. This is a way that religion fulfills the function of __________.

__________ refers to the practice of assigning students to specific curriculum groups and courses on the basis of their test scores, previous grades, or other criteria.

Modernity always leads to the secularization of a society.

Schools for __________ are more likely to emphasize engaging in creative activities, building analytical and critical thinking skills, and applying one's own ideas to solve problems.

Over time, new educational programs are introduced to meet societal needs. Programs such as sex education, drug education, and multicultural studies have been implemented to teach students about pressing social issues. These examples illustrate the manifest function of education called __________.

Across cultures and in different eras, many things have been considered __________, including invisible gods, spirits, specific animals or trees, altars, crosses, holy books, and special words or songs that only the initiated could speak or sing.

Students may learn information in school that contradicts beliefs held by their parents or their religion. Debates over the content of textbooks and library books typically center on information that parents deem unacceptable for their children. This illustrates the latent function of education known as __________.

Define and discuss the four main categories of religion, and link them to the types of societies in which they tend to occur.