Exam 9: Race and Ethnicity

Explain the difference between the concepts of race and ethnicity.

__________ refers to the division of the economy into two areas of employment: a primary sector or upper tier, composed of higher-paid (usually dominant-group) workers in more secure jobs, and a secondary sector or lower tier, composed of lower-paid (often subordinate-group) workers in jobs with little security and hazardous working conditions.

Based on sociologist Robert Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, __________ may have no personal prejudice but still engage in discriminatory behavior because of peer group pressure or economic, political, or social interests.

In terms of income, employment, housing, nutrition, and health, which of the following is the most disadvantaged racial or ethnic group in the United States?​

Indirect institutionalized discrimination occurs when__________________________.

The label "Hispanic" has not been fully accepted as an identity by Latinos/as living in the United States today.

List and describe each of the four types of discrimination identified by Joe Feagin.

According to Adorno, the __________ is most likely to develop in a family environment in which dominating parents who are anxious about status use physical discipline but show very little love in raising their children.

__________ assimilation occurs when members of an ethnic group adopt dominantgroup traits, such as language, dress, values, religion, and food preferences.

Define and explain the concept of racial formation in the creation of unequal racial and ethnic relations. Give several specific examples from the United States to illustrate racial formation.

__________ discrimination consists of one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property.

A prejudiced judge gives harsher sentences to all African American defendants, even though he is not supported by the judicial system in his actions. According to sociologist Joe Feagin, this illustrates __________discrimination.

A landlord refuses to rent to someone of a different race. This is an example of __________ discrimination.

Define de jure segregation and de facto segregation and give an example of each.

Racism tends to intensify during periods of economic uncertainty and high rates of immigration.

__________ examine how microlevel contacts between people may produce either greater racial tolerance or increased levels of hostility.

The term __________ refers to the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.

The perspective of __________ includes the belief that racism is such an ingrained feature of U.S. society that it appears to be ordinary and natural to many people.

__________ occurs when members of a racial or ethnic group are conquered and forcibly placed under the economic and political control of the dominant group in a particular society.

Not all workers in a capitalist system are exploited to the same extent.