Exam 2: Culture

The term __________ refers to the belief that the behaviors and customs of any society must be viewed and analyzed by the culture's own standards.

Define culture, and explain the difference between material and nonmaterial culture.

Explain why culture for humans may be compared with instincts for other animals.

During Olympic Games, competition and a spirit of nationalism and patriotism encourage people to think of their own nation as "the best." This is an example of __________.

Neither society nor culture could exist without the other.

The popularity of piñatas in China, Italy, Spain, Mexico, the United States, and other nations is an example of __________.

A local business is named with a phrase from a popular song. The owner is sued for violating copyright. This is an example of __________.

When anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon first confronted the Yanomamӧ tribe of South America, he became nauseated at the sight of their customs and social environment. This is an example of ___________.

After having successfully negotiated an important business contract with a major client, Jocelyn's boss congratulated her and promised her a significant pay raise. In this situation, Jocelyn is receiving what sociologists term a __________.

Language communicates about reality, but it cannot influence the reality it describes.

People in the same subculture generally live in the same geographical area.

Although some people see a globalized culture emerging, others fear that Western culture is dominating everywhere. This Westernization is a form of __________.

An unlearned, biologically determined involuntary response to a physical stimulus is called a(n) __________.

"American society stands for equal opportunity for all."  This statement exemplifies __________ culture, which refers to the values and standards that people in a society profess to hold.

Language may be a source of power and social control; language perpetuates inequalities between people and between groups because words are used to "keep people in their place." ​

Sociologist Ann Swidler coined the expression __________ to refer to human culture or "symbols, stories, rituals, and world views, which people may use in varying configurations to solve different kinds of problems."

According to a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center, which of these is a shift in values from those reported by Williams in 1970?​

The __________ suggests that language not only expresses our thoughts and perceptions but also influences our perception of reality.

Today, discovery most often results from __________. For example, the discovery of a polio vaccine virtually eliminated what was a major childhood disease.

The "thumbs up" sign means something is good in some places, but is an obscene gesture in other places. This illustrates that_________________________ .