Exam 12: D: Personality

The validity and reliability of projective tests,such as the TAT and the Rorschach,is higher than that of objective tests,such as the MMPI-2.

In Freudian theory,the force that energizes the personality and underlies our efforts to survive,our sexual desires,and our pleasure-seeking is known as the __________.

Using the behavioristic view of development,explain how and why feeding,toilet training,sex training,and learning to express anger or aggression are particularly important to personality formation.

According to Jung,a universal idea,image,or pattern,found in the collective unconscious is called an archetype.

According to behavioral personality theorists,the external conditions that strongly influence behavior are known as __________ determinants.

For humanistic theorists,the ego ideal forms the structure of the personality,while in the behaviorist theories,self-concept forms the structure of the personality.

Classifying people into two or three types is more informative than rating people on a list of traits.

In planning to get your nursing degree,if you truly believe that you will be able to make the sacrifices and study the long hours,then Albert Bandura would say that you have a high degree of self-efficacy.

Melancholic,choleric,phlegmatic,and sanguine were the four types of temperament recognized by the ancient __________.

Personality starts to stabilize at around age three and continues to "harden" through age 50.

Differentiate between the terms self-concept and self-esteem,and describe how they are related; and then explain the differences in the basis of self-esteem in Eastern and Western cultures.

The psychological theory that has paid the most attention to the positive dimensions of personality and has been very useful in counseling and psychotherapy,but has been criticized for using "fuzzy" concepts that are difficult to measure and study objectively is the __________ theory.

In social learning theory,a moral conscience would be represented by the concept of __________.

Of the major perspectives,the humanists have made the best effort to rigorously test and verify their ideas.

Historians tell us that all of Abraham Lincoln's activities could be traced to his trait of honesty.Thus,according to Gordon Allport,Lincoln's dominant trait of honesty would be considered a(n)__________ trait.

If Mitzi is a very passive individual,who is overly trusting and needs lots of attention,then Freud would have said that Mitzi has an anal retentive personality.

Because of the halo effect,a person who is likable or physically attractive may be rated more mature,intelligent,or mentally healthy than she or he actually is.

The hereditary aspects of one's emotional nature,including sensitivity,prevailing mood,and distractibility,are referred to as one's __________.

Raymond Cattell measured the visible features of personality,which he called surface traits,and found that these traits clustered together to form more basic traits,which he called source traits.

In her direct observations of her hospitalized mental patients,a psychologist records the frequency of each patient's aggression,self-care,speech,and unusual behaviors.This psychologist is using the technique known as __________.