Exam 12: D: Personality

In Alfred Adler's view,the main driving force in personality is a striving for __________.

In order to uncover his client's deeply hidden or unconscious wishes,thoughts,and needs,Dr.Ables is administering a personality test in which his client will describe ambiguous stimuli.This category of personality tests is called a(n)__________ test.

Our personalities can be shaped by the stories we tell ourselves,according to the __________ approach.

Explain how each of the four personality theories view (a)the role of genetics; (b)the role of the environment; (c)human nature; (d)whether behavior is free or determined; (e)principal motives; (f)the structure of the personality; (g)the role of the unconscious; (h)the concept of a conscience; (i)the developmental emphasis; and (j)the barriers to personal growth.

Shyness is linked to one's acute awareness of oneself as a social object,which is called __________ self-consciousness.

Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at the oral,anal,and phallic stages; and what situations cause them to develop,according to Freud.

A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns define his or her __________.

Temporary moments of self-actualization,in which a person has feelings of ecstasy,harmony,and deep meaning,are called __________.

According to Freud,the ego is the part of the personality that is made up of innate biological instincts and urges,and is self-serving,impulsive,and irrational.

According to Freud,children from age six to puberty experience a quiet,settled time called the latency period when psychosexual development is dormant.

Concerning the cultural differences in self-esteem,Americans tend to emphasize individual accomplishments,while the Chinese tend to emphasize group accomplishments.

Tony would be described as a shy,reserved person who focuses most of the time on his own thoughts rather than the outside world.Tony would be referred to as a(n)__________.

Shyness is often maintained by unrealistic or self-defeating beliefs.

Explain the differences in personality questionnaires and projective techniques,provide examples of each,and then discuss the advantages and limitations of each type of assessment tool.

Extreme shyness is often associated with depression,loneliness,fearfulness,inhibition,and low self-esteem and may be diagnosed as a(n)__________ disorder.

According to studies of the influence of heredity and environment on personality traits,heredity appears to be responsible for less than ten percent of the variation in most personality traits.

Sudden murderers tend to be overcontrolled,kill in frenzied attacks,and often have amnesia after the incident.

Brian,who is intelligent and creative,would most likely score high on the dimension of the Big Five trait model known as __________.

In Freudian theory,a preschool boy's attraction for his mother and feelings of rivalry with his father are referred to as the __________ conflict.

According to Carl Rogers,when parents label some of their children's feelings as bad or wrong,such as a young boy being told that "big boys don't cry," the children develop internal standards of evaluation called __________.