Question 1

________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

Accepted Answer

A)  Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) 
B)  Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
C)  Micelles 
D)  High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) 
E)  Very-high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs) 
A)  Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) 
B)  Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
C)  Micelles 
D)  High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) 
E)  Very-high-density lipoproteins (VHDLs)

Question 2

A vitamin obtained that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is

Accepted Answer

A)  pyridoxine (B6). 
B)  thiamine. 
C)  riboflavin. 
D)  folic acid (folate). 
E)  niacin. 
A)  pyridoxine (B6). 
B)  thiamine. 
C)  riboflavin. 
D)  folic acid (folate). 
E)  niacin.

Question 3

Fat-soluble vitamin overdoses primarily affect which organ?

Accepted Answer

A)  heart 
B)  brain 
C)  skeletal muscles 
D)  liver 
E)  lungs 
A)  heart 
B)  brain 
C)  skeletal muscles 
D)  liver 
E)  lungs

Question 4

All of the following occur during glycolysis, except

Accepted Answer

A)  a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid. 
B)  four molecules of ATP are produced. 
C)  two molecules of ATP are consumed. 
D)  hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules. 
E)  a molecule of carbon dioxide is produced. 
A)  a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid. 
B)  four molecules of ATP are produced. 
C)  two molecules of ATP are consumed. 
D)  hydrogen atoms are removed from organic molecules. 
E)  a molecule of carbon dioxide is produced.

Question 5

Define gluconeogenesis. What organs can it occur in? What precursors can be used? What is the outcome?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of gluc

Question 6

The major anion in body fluids is

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride. 
B)  bicarbonate. 
C)  sulfate. 
D)  iodide. 
E)  phosphate. 
A)  chloride. 
B)  bicarbonate. 
C)  sulfate. 
D)  iodide. 
E)  phosphate.

Question 7

Cyanide gas is lethal because it

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits the kinase that phosphorylates ATP. 
B)  inhibits the ATP synthase. 
C)  blocks substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  blocks the final electron acceptor in the ETS. 
E)  binds NAD preventing it from being reduced. 
A)  inhibits the kinase that phosphorylates ATP. 
B)  inhibits the ATP synthase. 
C)  blocks substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D)  blocks the final electron acceptor in the ETS. 
E)  binds NAD preventing it from being reduced.

Question 8

An ion that is a necessary component of high-energy compounds and nucleic acids and a structural componentof bone is the ________ ion.

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride 
B)  sulfate 
C)  phosphate 
D)  bicarbonate 
E)  iodide 
A)  chloride 
B)  sulfate 
C)  phosphate 
D)  bicarbonate 
E)  iodide

Question 9

Intermediary molecules that accept electrons and transfer them to another molecule are called

Accepted Answer

A)  nutrients. 
B)  organics. 
C)  ketones. 
D)  metabolites. 
E)  coenzymes. 
A)  nutrients. 
B)  organics. 
C)  ketones. 
D)  metabolites. 
E)  coenzymes.

Question 10

Catabolism of protein is not a practical source of quick energy because of all of the following except that

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins are more difficult to break apart than lipids or carbohydrates. 
B)  the energy yield from protein is less than the yield from lipids. 
C)  one of the by-products of protein catabolism is ammonia. 
D)  most individuals have little protein to spare before harming vital organs. 
E)  extensive catabolism of protein threatens homeostasis. 
A)  proteins are more difficult to break apart than lipids or carbohydrates. 
B)  the energy yield from protein is less than the yield from lipids. 
C)  one of the by-products of protein catabolism is ammonia. 
D)  most individuals have little protein to spare before harming vital organs. 
E)  extensive catabolism of protein threatens homeostasis.

Question 11

What is the role of NADH in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  convert pyruvic acid into acetyl-coA 
B)  produce bicarbonate ions for a pH buffer 
C)  transport hydrogen atoms to coenzymes 
D)  produce carbon dioxide 
E)  phosphorylate ADP into ATP 
A)  convert pyruvic acid into acetyl-coA 
B)  produce bicarbonate ions for a pH buffer 
C)  transport hydrogen atoms to coenzymes 
D)  produce carbon dioxide 
E)  phosphorylate ADP into ATP

Question 12

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the ________ state.

Accepted Answer

A)  postabsorptive 
B)  absorptive 
C)  starvation 
D)  deprivation 
E)  preabsorptive 
A)  postabsorptive 
B)  absorptive 
C)  starvation 
D)  deprivation 
E)  preabsorptive

Question 13

The citric acid cycle

Accepted Answer

A)  begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid. 
B)  directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose. 
C)  consumes two moles of carbon dioxide. 
D)  contains enzymes called cytochromes. 
E)  forms acetyl-CoA from glucose-6-phosphate. 
A)  begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid. 
B)  directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose. 
C)  consumes two moles of carbon dioxide. 
D)  contains enzymes called cytochromes. 
E)  forms acetyl-CoA from glucose-6-phosphate.

Question 14

The vitamin that is part of the coenzyme NAD is

Accepted Answer

A)  thiamine. 
B)  riboflavin. 
C)  niacin. 
D)  folic acid (folate). 
E)  cobalamin. 
A)  thiamine. 
B)  riboflavin. 
C)  niacin. 
D)  folic acid (folate). 
E)  cobalamin.

Question 15

The major steps in oxidative phosphorylation include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate molecule by coenzymes. 
B)  ionization of hydrogen atoms. 
C)  decreasing the energy level of electrons passing through the electron transport chain. 
D)  the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds. 
E)  the acceptance of electrons by oxygen atoms. 
A)  removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate molecule by coenzymes. 
B)  ionization of hydrogen atoms. 
C)  decreasing the energy level of electrons passing through the electron transport chain. 
D)  the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds. 
E)  the acceptance of electrons by oxygen atoms.

Question 16

Metabolism of amino acids in the citric acid cycle yields

Accepted Answer

A)  more energy than lipid metabolism. 
B)  more energy than carbohydrate metabolism. 
C)  approximately the same energy as lipid metabolism. 
D)  approximately the same energy as carbohydrate metabolism. 
E)  more energy than lipid and carbohydrate metabolism combined. 
A)  more energy than lipid metabolism. 
B)  more energy than carbohydrate metabolism. 
C)  approximately the same energy as lipid metabolism. 
D)  approximately the same energy as carbohydrate metabolism. 
E)  more energy than lipid and carbohydrate metabolism combined.

Question 17

Lipids

Accepted Answer

A)  deliver somewhat less energy than an equivalent mass of glucose. 
B)  are difficult to store since they are not water soluble. 
C)  yield quick bursts of energy. 
D)  provide energy for cells with modest energy demands. 
E)  are the primary nutrient metabolized in cells. 
A)  deliver somewhat less energy than an equivalent mass of glucose. 
B)  are difficult to store since they are not water soluble. 
C)  yield quick bursts of energy. 
D)  provide energy for cells with modest energy demands. 
E)  are the primary nutrient metabolized in cells.

Question 18

The first steps of catabolism generally take place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  plasma membrane. 
C)  nucleus. 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  cytosol. 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  plasma membrane. 
C)  nucleus. 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  cytosol.

Question 19

The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process because

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP is phosphorylated. 
B)  FADH2 is produced. 
C)  citric acid molecules have oxygen atoms. 
D)  oxygen is needed to remove carbon atoms as carbon dioxide. 
E)  NAH+ is converted into NADH. 
A)  ADP is phosphorylated. 
B)  FADH2 is produced. 
C)  citric acid molecules have oxygen atoms. 
D)  oxygen is needed to remove carbon atoms as carbon dioxide. 
E)  NAH+ is converted into NADH.

Question 20

The vitamin that prevents breakdown of vitamin A and fatty acids is vitamin

Accepted Answer

A)  A. 
B)  B. 
C)  C. 
D)  D. 
E)  E. 
A)  A. 
B)  B. 
C)  C. 
D)  D. 
E)  E.

Exam 25: Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

________ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

A vitamin obtained that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is

Fat-soluble vitamin overdoses primarily affect which organ?

All of the following occur during glycolysis, except

Define gluconeogenesis. What organs can it occur in? What precursors can be used? What is the outcome?

The major anion in body fluids is

Cyanide gas is lethal because it

An ion that is a necessary component of high-energy compounds and nucleic acids and a structural componentof bone is the ________ ion.

Intermediary molecules that accept electrons and transfer them to another molecule are called

Catabolism of protein is not a practical source of quick energy because of all of the following except that

What is the role of NADH in metabolism?

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the ________ state.

The citric acid cycle

The vitamin that is part of the coenzyme NAD is

The major steps in oxidative phosphorylation include all of the following except

Metabolism of amino acids in the citric acid cycle yields

Lipids

The first steps of catabolism generally take place in the

The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process because

The vitamin that prevents breakdown of vitamin A and fatty acids is vitamin

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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