Question 1

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior gray horns. 
B)  lateral gray horns. 
C)  posterior gray horns. 
D)  gray commissures. 
E)  white commissures. 
A)  anterior gray horns. 
B)  lateral gray horns. 
C)  posterior gray horns. 
D)  gray commissures. 
E)  white commissures.

Question 2

You are sitting at a Mexican restaurant waiting for your food. The waiter brings a very hot plate, tellingyou to be careful about touching it. You touch it anyway, producing a pain sensation in your fingers, a withdrawal of your hand, and an auditory comment of what you are thinking. This scenario represents a ________ neuronal circuit.

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel processing 
B)  reverberating 
C)  serial processing 
D)  convergent 
E)  divergent 
A)  parallel processing 
B)  reverberating 
C)  serial processing 
D)  convergent 
E)  divergent

Question 3

The posterior root ganglia mainly contain

Accepted Answer

A)  axons of motor neurons. 
B)  axons of sensory neurons. 
C)  cell bodies of motor neurons. 
D)  cell bodies of sensory neurons. 
E)  synapses. 
A)  axons of motor neurons. 
B)  axons of sensory neurons. 
C)  cell bodies of motor neurons. 
D)  cell bodies of sensory neurons. 
E)  synapses.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a way that reflexes are classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  innate/acquired 
B)  somatic/visceral 
C)  sympathetic/parasympathetic 
D)  monosynaptic/polysynaptic 
E)  spinal/cranial 
A)  innate/acquired 
B)  somatic/visceral 
C)  sympathetic/parasympathetic 
D)  monosynaptic/polysynaptic 
E)  spinal/cranial

Question 5

Which of the following is not a reason a reflex response may fail during a clinical exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person may consciously suppress the response. 
B)  The nerves may be damaged. 
C)  The person may be elderly and no longer have any reflexes. 
D)  The CNS may be damaged. 
E)  There may be nerve conduction problems. 
A)  The person may consciously suppress the response. 
B)  The nerves may be damaged. 
C)  The person may be elderly and no longer have any reflexes. 
D)  The CNS may be damaged. 
E)  There may be nerve conduction problems.

Question 6

The outermost connective tissue covering of nerves is the

Accepted Answer

A)  endoneurium. 
B)  endomysium. 
C)  perineurium. 
D)  epineurium. 
E)  epimysium. 
A)  endoneurium. 
B)  endomysium. 
C)  perineurium. 
D)  epineurium. 
E)  epimysium.

Question 7

Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ________ reflexes.

Accepted Answer

A)  visceral 
B)  innate 
C)  acquired 
D)  somatic 
E)  intersegmental 
A)  visceral 
B)  innate 
C)  acquired 
D)  somatic 
E)  intersegmental

Question 8

Enlarged area of the spinal cord from which nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs arise.

Accepted Answer

A)  cervical enlargement 
B)  lumbar enlargement 
C)  thoracic region 
D)  conus medullaris 
E)  sacral region 
A)  cervical enlargement 
B)  lumbar enlargement 
C)  thoracic region 
D)  conus medullaris 
E)  sacral region

Question 9

Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region.

Accepted Answer

A)  cervical 
B)  thoracic 
C)  lumbar 
D)  sacral 
E)  coccygeal 
A)  cervical 
B)  thoracic 
C)  lumbar 
D)  sacral 
E)  coccygeal

Question 10

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 cervical spinal nerves 
B)  11 thoracic spinal nerves 
C)  5 lumbar spinal nerves 
D)  5 sacral spinal nerves 
E)  1 coccygeal spinal nerve 
A)  8 cervical spinal nerves 
B)  11 thoracic spinal nerves 
C)  5 lumbar spinal nerves 
D)  5 sacral spinal nerves 
E)  1 coccygeal spinal nerve

Question 11

The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the anterior rami of neighboring spinal nervesis termed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  dermatome. 
B)  autonomic nerve. 
C)  lateral nerve. 
D)  tract. 
E)  plexus. 
A)  dermatome. 
B)  autonomic nerve. 
C)  lateral nerve. 
D)  tract. 
E)  plexus.

Question 12

Which of the following is not true regarding an epidural block?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is commonly used as a method of pain control during labor and delivery. 
B)  This procedure does not provide sustained anesthesia. 
C)  It can provide sensory and motor anesthesia, depending on the anesthetic selected. 
D)  Intubation is not necessary because respiratory muscles are not paralyzed. 
E)  It affects only the spinal nerves in the immediate area of the injection. 
A)  It is commonly used as a method of pain control during labor and delivery. 
B)  This procedure does not provide sustained anesthesia. 
C)  It can provide sensory and motor anesthesia, depending on the anesthetic selected. 
D)  Intubation is not necessary because respiratory muscles are not paralyzed. 
E)  It affects only the spinal nerves in the immediate area of the injection.

Question 13

________ reflexes activate skeletal muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Involuntary 
B)  Cranial 
C)  Spinal 
D)  Autonomic 
E)  Somatic 
A)  Involuntary 
B)  Cranial 
C)  Spinal 
D)  Autonomic 
E)  Somatic

Question 14

All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are automatic motor responses. 
B)  are the simplest form of behavior. 
C)  help preserve homeostasis. 
D)  cannot be modified by the brain. 
E)  involve at least two neurons. 
A)  are automatic motor responses. 
B)  are the simplest form of behavior. 
C)  help preserve homeostasis. 
D)  cannot be modified by the brain. 
E)  involve at least two neurons.

Question 15

The specific strip of skin that is innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  root. 
B)  ramus. 
C)  trunk. 
D)  ganglion. 
E)  dermatome. 
A)  root. 
B)  ramus. 
C)  trunk. 
D)  ganglion. 
E)  dermatome.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of polysynaptic reflexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They involve pools of interneurons. 
B)  They are intersegmental in distribution. 
C)  They involve reciprocal inhibition. 
D)  They involve one muscle group. 
E)  They have reverberating circuits. 
A)  They involve pools of interneurons. 
B)  They are intersegmental in distribution. 
C)  They involve reciprocal inhibition. 
D)  They involve one muscle group. 
E)  They have reverberating circuits.

Question 17

Place the following events of a reflex arc in the correct order:
1) motor neuron activation
2) sensoryneuron activation
3) sensory receptor activation
4) Information processing
5) effector response.

Accepted Answer

A)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
B)  3, 2, 4, 1, 5 
C)  2, 3, 4, 5, 1 
D)  4, 3, 1, 2, 5 
E)  1, 5, 3, 2, 4 
A)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
B)  3, 2, 4, 1, 5 
C)  2, 3, 4, 5, 1 
D)  4, 3, 1, 2, 5 
E)  1, 5, 3, 2, 4

Question 18

Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  a crossed extensor reflex. 
B)  a stretch reflex. 
C)  a tendon reflex. 
D)  reciprocal inhibition. 
E)  reverberating circuits. 
A)  a crossed extensor reflex. 
B)  a stretch reflex. 
C)  a tendon reflex. 
D)  reciprocal inhibition. 
E)  reverberating circuits.

Question 19

Masses of gray matter within the central nervous system are

Accepted Answer

A)  ganglia. 
B)  columns. 
C)  nuclei. 
D)  commissures. 
E)  horns. 
A)  ganglia. 
B)  columns. 
C)  nuclei. 
D)  commissures. 
E)  horns.

Question 20

The anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus.

Accepted Answer

A)  cervical 
B)  brachial 
C)  lumbar 
D)  sacral 
E)  thoracic 
A)  cervical 
B)  brachial 
C)  lumbar 
D)  sacral 
E)  thoracic

Exam 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the

The posterior root ganglia mainly contain

Which of the following is not a way that reflexes are classified?

Which of the following is not a reason a reflex response may fail during a clinical exam?

The outermost connective tissue covering of nerves is the

Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ________ reflexes.

Enlarged area of the spinal cord from which nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs arise.

Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region.

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the anterior rami of neighboring spinal nervesis termed a(n)

Which of the following is not true regarding an epidural block?

________ reflexes activate skeletal muscles.

All of the following are true of neural reflexes except that they

The specific strip of skin that is innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a

Which of the following is not true of polysynaptic reflexes?

Place the following events of a reflex arc in the correct order: 1) motor neuron activation 2) sensoryneuron activation 3) sensory receptor activation 4) Information processing 5) effector response.

Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called

Masses of gray matter within the central nervous system are

The anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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