Question 1

AB ? A + B is to decomposition as A + B ? AB is to

Accepted Answer

A)  exchange. 
B)  synthesis. 
C)  combustion. 
D)  replacement. 
E)  metabolism. 
A)  exchange. 
B)  synthesis. 
C)  combustion. 
D)  replacement. 
E)  metabolism.

Question 2

Molecules that store and process genetic information are the

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  steroids. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  carbohydrates. 
D)  lipids. 
E)  steroids.

Question 3

Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons

Accepted Answer

A)  will form many compounds. 
B)  will normally form anions. 
C)  will normally form cations. 
D)  frequently form hydrogen bonds. 
E)  are inert gases. 
A)  will form many compounds. 
B)  will normally form anions. 
C)  will normally form cations. 
D)  frequently form hydrogen bonds. 
E)  are inert gases.

Question 4

Carbohydrate molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  are the building blocks of cellular membranes. 
B)  form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes. 
C)  are the body's most readily available source of energy. 
D)  are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms. 
E)  contain the genetic information found in cells. 
A)  are the building blocks of cellular membranes. 
B)  form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes. 
C)  are the body's most readily available source of energy. 
D)  are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms. 
E)  contain the genetic information found in cells.

Question 5

In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means

Accepted Answer

A)  two calcium atoms. 
B)  a calcium ion that has lost two electrons. 
C)  a calcium ion that has gained two protons. 
D)  a calcium ion that has gained two electrons. 
E)  a calcium ion that has lost two protons. 
A)  two calcium atoms. 
B)  a calcium ion that has lost two electrons. 
C)  a calcium ion that has gained two protons. 
D)  a calcium ion that has gained two electrons. 
E)  a calcium ion that has lost two protons.

Question 6

Cumulative damage from reactive ________ is thought to be a major factor in aging.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  double bonds 
C)  isotopes 
D)  free radicals 
E)  helium 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  double bonds 
C)  isotopes 
D)  free radicals 
E)  helium

Question 7

The reaction A + B + energy ? AB is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  exergonic 
B)  endergonic 
C)  equilibrium 
D)  decomposition 
E)  exchange 
A)  exergonic 
B)  endergonic 
C)  equilibrium 
D)  decomposition 
E)  exchange

Question 8

Which of the following is not a function of steroids?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a significant energy reserve for the body. 
B)  They are structural components of the plasm membrane. 
C)  They are involved in regulation of sexual function. 
D)  They regulate tissue metabolism and mineral balance. 
E)  They are required for normal processing of dietary fats. 
A)  They are a significant energy reserve for the body. 
B)  They are structural components of the plasm membrane. 
C)  They are involved in regulation of sexual function. 
D)  They regulate tissue metabolism and mineral balance. 
E)  They are required for normal processing of dietary fats.

Question 9

________ removes hydrogen ions and a(n) ________ releases hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

A)  acid; base 
B)  base; acid 
C)  compound; element 
D)  element; compound 
E)  molecule; acid 
A)  acid; base 
B)  base; acid 
C)  compound; element 
D)  element; compound 
E)  molecule; acid

Question 10

________ structure results primarily from hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between the R-groupsofthe polypeptide chain and water.

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Tertiary 
D)  Quaternary 
E)  Pentanary 
A)  Primary 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Tertiary 
D)  Quaternary 
E)  Pentanary

Question 11

A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  surface tension. 
B)  chemical tension. 
C)  static electricity. 
D)  heat capacity. 
E)  hydrophilic attraction. 
A)  surface tension. 
B)  chemical tension. 
C)  static electricity. 
D)  heat capacity. 
E)  hydrophilic attraction.

Question 12

The purines found in DNA are ________ and guanine.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosine 
B)  adenine 
C)  thymine 
D)  uracil 
E)  niacin 
A)  cytosine 
B)  adenine 
C)  thymine 
D)  uracil 
E)  niacin

Question 13

An important buffer in body fluids is

Accepted Answer

A)  NaCl. 
B)  NaOH. 
C)  HCl. 
D)  NaHCO3. 
E)  H2O. 
A)  NaCl. 
B)  NaOH. 
C)  HCl. 
D)  NaHCO3. 
E)  H2O.

Question 14

________ bond is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large amount of energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  forceful 
B)  charged 
C)  excitable 
D)  power 
E)  high-energy 
A)  forceful 
B)  charged 
C)  excitable 
D)  power 
E)  high-energy

Question 15

Soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current are called

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolytes. 
B)  ions. 
C)  isotopes. 
D)  free radicals. 
E)  metabolites. 
A)  electrolytes. 
B)  ions. 
C)  isotopes. 
D)  free radicals. 
E)  metabolites.

Question 16

The electrostatic attraction between the slight positive charge of a hydrogen of one molecule and the slight negative charge of an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine of another molecule is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nonpolar covalent bond. 
B)  single covalent bond. 
C)  polar covalent bond. 
D)  ionic bond. 
E)  hydrogen bond. 
A)  nonpolar covalent bond. 
B)  single covalent bond. 
C)  polar covalent bond. 
D)  ionic bond. 
E)  hydrogen bond.

Question 17

Ions with a + charge are called

Accepted Answer

A)  cations. 
B)  anions. 
C)  radicals. 
D)  positrons. 
E)  isotopes. 
A)  cations. 
B)  anions. 
C)  radicals. 
D)  positrons. 
E)  isotopes.

Question 18

Which of the following are functions of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  support 
B)  defense 
C)  metabolic regulation 
D)  buffering 
E)  All of these are functions of proteins. 
A)  support 
B)  defense 
C)  metabolic regulation 
D)  buffering 
E)  All of these are functions of proteins.

Question 19

In dehydration synthesis reactions, compounds

Accepted Answer

A)  lose water molecules. 
B)  gain water molecules. 
C)  convert water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen. 
D)  convert hydrogen and oxygen to water. 
E)  gain electrons. 
A)  lose water molecules. 
B)  gain water molecules. 
C)  convert water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen. 
D)  convert hydrogen and oxygen to water. 
E)  gain electrons.

Question 20

The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  adenosine diphosphate. 
C)  adenosine monophosphate. 
D)  adenosine triphosphate. 
E)  RNA. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  adenosine diphosphate. 
C)  adenosine monophosphate. 
D)  adenosine triphosphate. 
E)  RNA.

Exam 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

AB ? A + B is to decomposition as A + B ? AB is to

Molecules that store and process genetic information are the

Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons

Carbohydrate molecules

In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means

Cumulative damage from reactive ________ is thought to be a major factor in aging.

The reaction A + B + energy ? AB is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

Which of the following is not a function of steroids?

________ removes hydrogen ions and a(n) ________ releases hydrogen ions.

________ structure results primarily from hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between the R-groupsofthe polypeptide chain and water.

A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates

The purines found in DNA are ________ and guanine.

An important buffer in body fluids is

________ bond is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large amount of energy.

Soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current are called

The electrostatic attraction between the slight positive charge of a hydrogen of one molecule and the slight negative charge of an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine of another molecule is called a(n)

Ions with a + charge are called

Which of the following are functions of proteins?

In dehydration synthesis reactions, compounds

The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

removes hydrogen ions and a(n) releases hydrogen ions.