Question 1

Blood has a very narrow normal pH range but urine has a very broad normal pH range. What does that indicateabout the physiology of pH?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis requires that the pH of body

Question 2

When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges, a(n) ________ is formed.

Accepted Answer

A)  ion 
B)  molecule 
C)  hydrogen bond 
D)  ionic bond 
E)  covalent bond 
A)  ion 
B)  molecule 
C)  hydrogen bond 
D)  ionic bond 
E)  covalent bond

Question 3

The formula for methane gas is CH4. What does the formula 4CH4 represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  a molecule with 4 carbon atoms 
B)  a molecule with 4 carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms 
C)  4 molecules, each containing a carbon and a hydrogen atom 
D)  4 molecules, each containing a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms 
E)  an inorganic compound with ionic bonds 
A)  a molecule with 4 carbon atoms 
B)  a molecule with 4 carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms 
C)  4 molecules, each containing a carbon and a hydrogen atom 
D)  4 molecules, each containing a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms 
E)  an inorganic compound with ionic bonds

Question 4

In the process of ________ a phosphate group is transferred to a molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionization 
B)  buffering 
C)  amination 
D)  dissociation 
E)  phosphorylation 
A)  ionization 
B)  buffering 
C)  amination 
D)  dissociation 
E)  phosphorylation

Question 5

Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  dietary fats. 
B)  prostaglandins. 
C)  structural lipids. 
D)  lipid drugs. 
E)  steroids. 
A)  dietary fats. 
B)  prostaglandins. 
C)  structural lipids. 
D)  lipid drugs. 
E)  steroids.

Question 6

An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can

Accepted Answer

A)  break chemical bonds. 
B)  change the shape of proteins, rendering them nonfunctional. 
C)  disrupt tissue functions. 
D)  change body fluid pH. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  break chemical bonds. 
B)  change the shape of proteins, rendering them nonfunctional. 
C)  disrupt tissue functions. 
D)  change body fluid pH. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  acid; base 
B)  salt; ion 
C)  anion; cation 
D)  base; acid 
E)  cation; anion 
A)  acid; base 
B)  salt; ion 
C)  anion; cation 
D)  base; acid 
E)  cation; anion

Question 8

All fatty acids contain a functional group at one end called the ________ acid group.

Accepted Answer

A)  linoleic 
B)  ribonucleic 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  glycosidic 
E)  carboxylic 
A)  linoleic 
B)  ribonucleic 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  glycosidic 
E)  carboxylic

Question 9

How does the DNA molecule control the appearance and function of a cell?

Accepted Answer

The DNA molecule controls the synthesis

Question 10

Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are proteins. 
B)  They function as biological catalysts. 
C)  They lower the activation energy required for a reaction. 
D)  They affect only the rate of a chemical reaction. 
E)  They are consumed during the reaction. 
A)  They are proteins. 
B)  They function as biological catalysts. 
C)  They lower the activation energy required for a reaction. 
D)  They affect only the rate of a chemical reaction. 
E)  They are consumed during the reaction.

Question 11

The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  8 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  8

Question 12

Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons, are called

Accepted Answer

A)  isotonics. 
B)  heterotopes. 
C)  isotopes. 
D)  homotopes. 
E)  heterotonics. 
A)  isotonics. 
B)  heterotopes. 
C)  isotopes. 
D)  homotopes. 
E)  heterotonics.

Question 13

Which of the following is both an anion and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  Cl- 
C)  K+ 
D)  HCO3- 
E)  NaCl 
A)  Na+ 
B)  Cl- 
C)  K+ 
D)  HCO3- 
E)  NaCl

Question 14

Kinetic energy is stored as ________ energy when a spring is stretched or compressed.

Accepted Answer

A)  potential 
B)  possible 
C)  plausible 
D)  probable 
E)  positive 
A)  potential 
B)  possible 
C)  plausible 
D)  probable 
E)  positive

Question 15

If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is

Accepted Answer

A)  26. 
B)  16. 
C)  18. 
D)  8. 
E)  12. 
A)  26. 
B)  16. 
C)  18. 
D)  8. 
E)  12.

Question 16

A molecule that has unpaired electrons is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  isotope. 
B)  free radical. 
C)  ion. 
D)  triple bonded molecule. 
E)  compound. 
A)  isotope. 
B)  free radical. 
C)  ion. 
D)  triple bonded molecule. 
E)  compound.

Question 17

________ is a pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind.

Accepted Answer

A)  element 
B)  macromolecule 
C)  ion 
D)  isotope 
E)  compound 
A)  element 
B)  macromolecule 
C)  ion 
D)  isotope 
E)  compound

Question 18

How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme's function would not be altered. 
B)  The enzyme would function more slowly. 
C)  The enzyme would function more quickly. 
D)  The enzyme would not be able to function. 
E)  The enzyme would cease to function after reaching a maximum rate. 
A)  The enzyme's function would not be altered. 
B)  The enzyme would function more slowly. 
C)  The enzyme would function more quickly. 
D)  The enzyme would not be able to function. 
E)  The enzyme would cease to function after reaching a maximum rate.

Question 19

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-Hydrogen bonds do not form between two hydrogen atoms. Where do hydrogen bonds form? (Figure 2-8)

Accepted Answer

A)  between the slight positive charge on the hydrogen atom and the slight negative charge on the oxygen atom 
B)  between the slight negative charge on the hydrogen atom and the slight positive charge on the oxygen atom 
C)  between the slight positive charge on the sodium atom and the slight negative charge on the chlorine atom 
D)  between the slight negative charge on the sodium atom and the slight negative charge on the chlorine atom 
E)  between two ions 
A)  between the slight positive charge on the hydrogen atom and the slight negative charge on the oxygen atom 
B)  between the slight negative charge on the hydrogen atom and the slight positive charge on the oxygen atom 
C)  between the slight positive charge on the sodium atom and the slight negative charge on the chlorine atom 
D)  between the slight negative charge on the sodium atom and the slight negative charge on the chlorine atom 
E)  between two ions

Question 20

Which pH is closest to normal body pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 7 
B)  pH 8 
C)  pH 4 
D)  pH 3 
E)  pH 2 
A)  pH 7 
B)  pH 8 
C)  pH 4 
D)  pH 3 
E)  pH 2

Exam 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

Blood has a very narrow normal pH range but urine has a very broad normal pH range. What does that indicateabout the physiology of pH?

When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the opposite charges, a(n) ________ is formed.

The formula for methane gas is CH4. What does the formula 4CH4 represent?

In the process of ________ a phosphate group is transferred to a molecule.

Cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids are examples of

An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can

In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the ________.

All fatty acids contain a functional group at one end called the ________ acid group.

How does the DNA molecule control the appearance and function of a cell?

Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?

The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons.

Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons, are called

Which of the following is both an anion and a compound?

Kinetic energy is stored as ________ energy when a spring is stretched or compressed.

If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is

A molecule that has unpaired electrons is a(n)

________ is a pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind.

How would the lack of a cofactor for an enzyme affect that enzyme's function?

In-Text Figure Based Questions -Hydrogen bonds do not form between two hydrogen atoms. Where do hydrogen bonds form? (Figure 2-8)

Which pH is closest to normal body pH?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the , whereas the electron acceptor is the .