Exam 13: Speech Perception

 Rubin et al. (1976) asked participants to respond when they heard a word that started with the /b/ sound. The average response time when real words were used was _____; and _____ when non-words were used.

 Marta works at an information kiosk in an airport and she frequently encounters people who are not native speakers of her first language but to their credit, try to ask questions using it. Given that she will have limited contact with the individuals, she will most likely be able to understand what is being asked if she focuses on _____.

 Saffran et al. (1996) found that the ability to use transitional probabilities to segment sounds develops around the age of _____.

 A sound spectrogram is a plot of _____ as a function of _____, with darker areas representing greater intensity.

 Saffran et al. (1996) found that eight-month-old infants listened to _____ test stimuli longer, providing evidence that infants are capable of _____ learning.

 _____ speech is created by dividing the speech signal up into different frequency bands and then adding noise to each band.

 The ubiquitous "Whazzup!" is a sloppy pronunciation of "What's up The spectrograms of each of these two spoken phrases would indicate _____.

 Discuss the motor theory of speech perception.

 Warren showed that when a cough sound replaced the sound of the first /s/ in the word "legislatures," listeners reported hearing _____.

 The existence of phonetic boundaries _____.

 Discuss what information is used by listeners to accomplish speech segmentation.

 The _____ is the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of the word.

 Miller and Isard presented listeners with grammatical sentences ("Gadgets simplify work around the house"); ungrammatical word strings ("Between gadgets highways passengers the steal"), and anomalous sentences ("Gadgets kill passengers from the eyes"). The results showed that the listener's ability to accurately report the phrase was _____.

 Listening to someone speak a foreign language you are not familiar with can lead to _____.

 Micelli et al. (1980) found that brain damage to the parietal lobe caused the patient to have difficulty discriminating between syllables. In addition, Micelli et al. found that _____.

 The discovery of _____ is used as support for the motor theory of speech perception.

 Computer speech recognition is _____.

 There are _____ phonemes for vowel sounds in the English language.

 Alessandro D'Ausilio and coworkers (2009) demonstrated a link between production and perception by showing that stimulation of motor areas associated with the lip resulted in _____.

 The vowel sound /ae/ (as in "had") has _____.