Exam 15: The Chemical Senses

 When researchers presented participants with the names of the substances, they would be smelling at the beginning of the experiment and then reminded them of the correct names when they failed to respond correctly on subsequent trials, they could, after some practice, correctly identify _____ of the substances.

 Vision contributes to the experience of flavor at the level of the _____.

 The human sensitivity for the odorant that is added to natural gas is _____ the odorant for the main substance in nail polish remover.

 Which technique involves injecting an animal with a radioactive molecule to see which part of the olfactory bulb is most activated by different chemicals

 Describe the capacity of human infants to experience taste and smell.

 A fifth basic taste discovered many years after the other four is _____.

 _____ is the inability to smell due to injury or infection.

 Sensory-specific satiety occurs in the response of the _____.

 In taste research, people are classified as "tasters" or "non-tasters" based on their sensitivity to PTC, which tastes _____.

 Discuss the research on odor identification. Relate Goldstein's anecdote about smelling "Aquavit" to odor identification (or better yet, describe a similar situation that happened in your life).

 Flavor is the impression a person gets from the combination of _____.

 David Smith and Thomas Scott (2003) argue for _____ coding based on the finding that at more central locations in the taste system, neurons are tuned broadly, with many neurons responding to more than one taste quality.

 In regard to specificity vs. population coding, most researchers conclude that _____.

 In one study, males were asked to rate the scent of a t-shirt worn by a woman three nights during ovulation or three nights when not in ovulation. Discuss the results of this study and relate them to reproductive fertility and the human ability to sense pheromones.

 Mueller et al. created a strain of mice that lacked the receptor that normally responds to a bitter substance called Cyx. The mice that did not have this receptor _____.

 What is flavor? Describe how taste experience is affected if olfaction does not take place when tasting a substance.

 The _____ papillae are mushroom-shaped and found on the tip and sides of the tongue.

 The _____ is the structure that contains the receptors for olfaction.

 Evidence for _____ is provided by an Erickson (1963) study in which rats appeared to be unable to discriminate between two different solutions that produce a similar taste.

 The senses of _____ are referred to as the gatekeepers.