Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

A critical period is a specific type of sensitive period.

Characteristic differences in behavioral patterns and emotional reactions make up a person's:

Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on the cheek. This is the _____ reflex; it helps an infant to _____.

A securely attached infant calms down quickly when her caregiver returns after a brief absence.

Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; "backtalk" is not tolerated. Isabella's parents are firm as well, but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In Baumrind's terms, Hailey's parents are _____; Isabella's are _____.

On Monday, Jacques announces to his parents that he wants to be called "Jack." On Wednesday, he says he wants to drop out of school. On Friday, he says he wants to get a tattoo and become an architect. In Erikson's terms, Jacques seems to be in the _____ stage.

Critics contend that Piaget may have underestimated children's cognitive abilities.

According to Mary Ainsworth, a child with ambivalent attachment will:

Beginning sometime in high school, Bernie lost his way. He failed to find his niche and drifted into an aimless life of odd jobs and drug use. In Erikson's terms, Bernie failed to negotiate the identity versus _____ stage.

Rhonda is currently attending preschool. According to Piaget, Rhonda is in the ______ stage of cognitive development.

In a gene pair, the _____ gene overpowers the other member of the pair.

Close vision is well developed in a newborn.

Which attachment style describes an infant who is disturbed at his mother's departure in the strange situation, but who is easily soothed on her return?

Critical periods suggest that:

Cross-sequential designs combine the advantages of both cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs.

Dawn is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills. She selects one group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every 6 months over a 2-year period. In this example, Dawn is using a _____ research design.

Abrupt developmental transitions often relate to changes in environmental circumstances.

Studies of cognitive changes in later adulthood suggest an age-related decline in _____ intelligence.

In Kübler-Ross's theory, acceptance of death is most immediately preceded by:

Tina is 2 months old, Vincenzo is 5 months old, and Wayne is 20 months old. Which choice pairs each child with the appropriate language acquisition stage?