Exam 2: Positivist Theories

According to critics,reintegrative shaming may work only with

According to the deterrence doctrine,all of the following would help reduce the rate of crime,EXCEPT for making punishment

Which of the following concepts constitutes the core of Sutherland's differential association theory?

Like Merton and Sutherland,control theorists seek the cause of deviance directly by asking,"What causes deviance?"

Merton's theory was inspired by the sociologist _______,the first to use the term "anomie" as a sociological concept.

Attachment to conventional people and institutions and commitment to conformity are two ways individuals bond to conventional society.

The deterrence doctrine assumes that human beings,when anticipating deviant behavior,are

Which of the following is the best example of Burgess and Akers's Differential Reinforcement theory?

One criticism of differential association theory is that it is hard to define precisely what differential association is in real-life situations.

Peter,disillusioned with the way things are going,decides to live in a hippie commune away from the rest of society.According to Merton's theory,his behavior is an example of

According to the deterrence doctrine,certainty and swiftness of punishment are two ways crime can be reduced.

According to Cohen,the major frustration lower-class people experience is with their lack of status,not material success.

According to Albert Cohen,when lower-class boys experience status frustration,they set up their own competitive system in the form of

Social control can actually cause deviant behavior as well as prevent it.

According to control theory,the absence of __________ causes deviance.

Burgess and Akers argued that differential association can occur without reinforcement or social learning.

How does social learning theory explain deviant behavior? What social forces does this theory locate that would pressure someone toward deviance?

______________ study the underlying causes of deviance through social and environmental factors.

According to Merton,how might an individual deal with the strain created by a failure to achieve the cultural goal of success through legitimate means? What are some ways one can adapt to this strain?

According to Hirschi,which of the following is NOT a way for individuals to bond themselves to society?