Exam 6: Gendered Identities: Childhood and Adolescence

In groups, girls tend to use ________, while boys rely more on ________.

According to social learning theory, reinforcement can occur

________ conceives of gender typing as a readiness to organize the world in terms of gender and to process information in terms of gender associations.

Explain the cognitive developmental and gender schema theories of gender development that offer the intriguing idea that children willingly socialize themselves to be masculine or feminine.

Summarize research on and the effects of the preference for sons in the U.S. and across other cultures.

According to Phillips (1998), ________ tend to tie their self-esteem to their weight and are least likely to feel attractive.

Do parents' ideologies about gender roles influence their children's behavior? Cite evidence to support your answer.

Which of the following tendencies is a gender difference in play for children?

If you decide to raise your child to be gender-aschematic, describe how you would go about it.

Once children know that they are, and always will be, one sex or the other, they try to ________ the societal expectations for people of their sex.

Which of the following methods suggests a preference for sons over daughters around the world?

Explain the ways in which you can teach a child to resist gender typing. Provide examples to support your answer.

What evidence exists to show that boys have more social status and power than girls?

With undeniably gender-neutral toys, such as a bicycle, manufacturers

Which of the following is true of children and gender in the United States?

Martin and Halverson (1983) conducted an experiment in which 5- and 6-year-old children saw pictures of boys and girls doing stereotype-consistent activities and stereotype-inconsistent ones. Which of the following results was found when they tested the children's memory for the pictures a week later?

Describe in detail relevant psychological research on gender socialization of girls and boys from birth till 12 years of age. How does this prepare girls and boys for different adult roles? Can anyone "escape" this shaping?

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being a "tomboy," and explain the process of gender intensification.

Once children know that there are two gender categories and have developed a core gender identity, they pay more attention to ________ models than to ________ models.