Question 1

If you are constructing an ad, a basic principle to remember is that you must

Accepted Answer

A)  always construct your arguments carefully. 
B)  appeal only to viewers high in the need for cognition. 
C)  distract your audience because no one pays attention to arguments anyway. 
D)  try to ensure that your audience will pay attention to your ad. 
A)  always construct your arguments carefully. 
B)  appeal only to viewers high in the need for cognition. 
C)  distract your audience because no one pays attention to arguments anyway. 
D)  try to ensure that your audience will pay attention to your ad.

Question 2

You have observed that there is more litter around signs that say "$500 fine for littering" than around signs that say "Please keep our state clean." What social psychological theory would you use to explain this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  reactance theory 
B)  cognitive dissonance theory 
C)  attitude inoculation theory 
D)  elaboration likelihood model 
A)  reactance theory 
B)  cognitive dissonance theory 
C)  attitude inoculation theory 
D)  elaboration likelihood model

Question 3

All of the following are characteristics of affectively based attitudes except that they are

Accepted Answer

A) not a result of rational examination. 
B) often linked to values. 
C) a central part of one's self. 
D) governed by logic. 
A) not a result of rational examination. 
B) often linked to values. 
C) a central part of one's self. 
D) governed by logic.

Question 4

Consider the lyrics to Smokey Robinson's "You've Really Got a Hold on Me": "I don't like you, but I love you / Seems that I'm always thinking of you / You treat me badly / I love you madly / You've really got a hold on me." The sentiments reflected in these lyrics best capture the ________ component of the singer's attitude.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  ambivalent 
C)  behavioral 
D)  affective 
A)  cognitive 
B)  ambivalent 
C)  behavioral 
D)  affective

Question 5

After watching a couple of hours of TV together, Anna and her friends go out to dinner where she tries a new dish on the menu.It turns out, that during one of the shows on TV, Anna had been exposed to a commercial with a subliminal message about the restaurant's new menu.How likely is it that Anna's behavior by ordering the new dish is the result of exposure to a subliminal message?

Accepted Answer

A)  highly unlikely; subliminal messages in everyday life have no real effect 
B)  highly likely; exposure to subliminal messages in a living room-type environment are very effective 
C)  somewhat likely; research has shown that subliminal messages are effective if the target is female 
D)  somewhat likely; exposure to subliminal messages when with a group of people is effective 
A)  highly unlikely; subliminal messages in everyday life have no real effect 
B)  highly likely; exposure to subliminal messages in a living room-type environment are very effective 
C)  somewhat likely; research has shown that subliminal messages are effective if the target is female 
D)  somewhat likely; exposure to subliminal messages when with a group of people is effective

Question 6

A positive attitude can be formed via classical conditioning when an attitude object is repeatedly paired with

Accepted Answer

A)  a pleasant stimulus/experience. 
B)  rewards for a simple behavior. 
C)  punishments for misbehavior. 
D)  arousal and cognition. 
A)  a pleasant stimulus/experience. 
B)  rewards for a simple behavior. 
C)  punishments for misbehavior. 
D)  arousal and cognition.

Question 7

Most people believe that subliminal messages

Accepted Answer

A)  are perceivable if you concentrate hard enough. 
B)  are ineffective. 
C)  can shape attitudes and behavior. 
D)  can reduce prejudice. 
A)  are perceivable if you concentrate hard enough. 
B)  are ineffective. 
C)  can shape attitudes and behavior. 
D)  can reduce prejudice.

Question 8

Researchers (Davidson & Jaccard, 1979) studied the relationship between women's attitudes and their use of the birth control pill.They found that the best predictor of whether women were using the birth control pill two years after reporting their attitudes was the women's

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude toward unwanted pregnancy. 
B)  belief about their partners' attitudes toward the pill. 
C)  attitude toward using birth control pills during the two-year period. 
D)  attitudes toward abortion. 
A)  attitude toward unwanted pregnancy. 
B)  belief about their partners' attitudes toward the pill. 
C)  attitude toward using birth control pills during the two-year period. 
D)  attitudes toward abortion.

Question 9

If Little Joey gets punished every time he plays with matches, Joey may develop a negative attitude toward matches.What would best explain Joey's negative attitude toward them?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  personal values 
D)  attitude conditioning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  personal values 
D)  attitude conditioning

Question 10

Based on research presented in your text about attitudes predicting behavior, it could be said that ________ attitudes best predict actual behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  general 
B)  abstract 
C)  specific 
D)  intrinsic 
A)  general 
B)  abstract 
C)  specific 
D)  intrinsic

Question 11

Kara has been a die-hard Republican since she was old enough to vote.She votes Republican, is an active member of Young Republicans, and when she encounters arguments from Democrats, she is resistant to their persuasion attempts.Given the information about attitude change, it is most likely that Kara bases her attitude on

Accepted Answer

A)  her explicit attitude. 
B)  cognitions and affect. 
C)  careful analysis of arguments. 
D)  religious beliefs. 
A)  her explicit attitude. 
B)  cognitions and affect. 
C)  careful analysis of arguments. 
D)  religious beliefs.

Question 12

The purpose of cognitively based attitudes is to

Accepted Answer

A)  classify the pluses and minuses of an object to make a quick decision. 
B)  evaluate one's feelings about the attitude object. 
C)  decide on the best behavioral response to an attitude object. 
D)  create new feelings about attitude objects. 
A)  classify the pluses and minuses of an object to make a quick decision. 
B)  evaluate one's feelings about the attitude object. 
C)  decide on the best behavioral response to an attitude object. 
D)  create new feelings about attitude objects.

Question 13

You are hired by a group concerned with sex and violence in the media.This group wants to persuade children to behave morally and therefore wants to ban all images and messages of violence or sex in the media.From what you know about reactance theory, what would you tell this group?

Accepted Answer

Reactance theory posits that when people

Question 14

Suppose you are trying to persuade a group of people to purchase a new kitchen gadget.If you are presenting mostly weak arguments, which of the following techniques would help people feel more confident in their attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  getting people to applaud 
B)  asking them "yes" questions to get them to nod their heads 
C)  using a cognitive approach 
D)  asking them "no" questions to get them to shake their heads 
A)  getting people to applaud 
B)  asking them "yes" questions to get them to nod their heads 
C)  using a cognitive approach 
D)  asking them "no" questions to get them to shake their heads

Question 15

Why do ads for heartburn medications spend so much time talking about how quickly the product works and whether there is calcium or magnesium in the product?

Accepted Answer

A)  Such medications are highly relevant to people who suffer from indigestion. 
B)  The public is well informed about the causes of and treatments for heartburn. 
C)  Emotional appeals are not likely to work when people are already suffering. 
D)  Few celebrities would agree to appear in heartburn commercials. 
A)  Such medications are highly relevant to people who suffer from indigestion. 
B)  The public is well informed about the causes of and treatments for heartburn. 
C)  Emotional appeals are not likely to work when people are already suffering. 
D)  Few celebrities would agree to appear in heartburn commercials.

Question 16

You want to have a talk with your younger sister about the dangers of drugs.You begin the discussion by saying, "Now, your friends are probably going to tell you that only people with problems to begin with get into trouble with drugs, and that you're a chicken if you don't get high with them, but...." You have just used ________ to persuade her to avoid experimenting with drugs.

Accepted Answer

A)  a fear-based appeal 
B)  a one-sided argument 
C)  attitude accessibility 
D)  attitude inoculation 
A)  a fear-based appeal 
B)  a one-sided argument 
C)  attitude accessibility 
D)  attitude inoculation

Question 17

The logical, fact-based approach is used in advertisements most effectively when the basis of the attitude is ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive; the problem the product can solve is important to viewers 
B)  cognitive; viewers are likely to be paying attention to the ad 
C)  affective; strong arguments for why people should use the product are available 
D)  affective; people are motivated to pay attention to the ad 
A)  cognitive; the problem the product can solve is important to viewers 
B)  cognitive; viewers are likely to be paying attention to the ad 
C)  affective; strong arguments for why people should use the product are available 
D)  affective; people are motivated to pay attention to the ad

Question 18

Based on evidence from Karremans et al.(2006) about how subliminal messages can affect our product choices, who would be most likely to purchase a Choco-Yum candy bar after seeing a subliminal message flashed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eric, who is a health nut 
B)  Jessica, who was hungry for candy 
C)  Jason, who isn't hungry 
D)  Tara, who paid very close attention to the ad 
A)  Eric, who is a health nut 
B)  Jessica, who was hungry for candy 
C)  Jason, who isn't hungry 
D)  Tara, who paid very close attention to the ad

Question 19

Based on research by Fazio regarding the ability of highly accessible attitudes to predict behaviors, which of the following people would be most likely to stop and donate to a homeless person who approaches and asks for money?

Accepted Answer

A)  Christina, who was just thinking about her sister's eviction 
B)  Josefina, who had just found a quarter on the sidewalk 
C)  Paul, who was trying to remember where he parked his car 
D)  Ramon, who just got a new roommate whom he dislikes 
A)  Christina, who was just thinking about her sister's eviction 
B)  Josefina, who had just found a quarter on the sidewalk 
C)  Paul, who was trying to remember where he parked his car 
D)  Ramon, who just got a new roommate whom he dislikes

Question 20

Researchers Briñol & Petty (2003) conducted a study in which participants were presented strong or weak arguments on an issue while they were either shaking their heads or nodding their heads to test the durability of headphones.Someone nodding his or her head would be more persuaded if presented a(n) ________ argument.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong 
B)  weak 
C)  emotional 
D)  fear-inducing 
A)  strong 
B)  weak 
C)  emotional 
D)  fear-inducing

If you are constructing an ad, a basic principle to remember is that you must

You have observed that there is more litter around signs that say "$500 fine for littering" than around signs that say "Please keep our state clean." What social psychological theory would you use to explain this observation?

All of the following are characteristics of affectively based attitudes except that they are

A positive attitude can be formed via classical conditioning when an attitude object is repeatedly paired with

Most people believe that subliminal messages

Researchers (Davidson & Jaccard, 1979) studied the relationship between women's attitudes and their use of the birth control pill.They found that the best predictor of whether women were using the birth control pill two years after reporting their attitudes was the women's

If Little Joey gets punished every time he plays with matches, Joey may develop a negative attitude toward matches.What would best explain Joey's negative attitude toward them?

Based on research presented in your text about attitudes predicting behavior, it could be said that ________ attitudes best predict actual behavior.

The purpose of cognitively based attitudes is to

You are hired by a group concerned with sex and violence in the media.This group wants to persuade children to behave morally and therefore wants to ban all images and messages of violence or sex in the media.From what you know about reactance theory, what would you tell this group?

Suppose you are trying to persuade a group of people to purchase a new kitchen gadget.If you are presenting mostly weak arguments, which of the following techniques would help people feel more confident in their attitudes?

Why do ads for heartburn medications spend so much time talking about how quickly the product works and whether there is calcium or magnesium in the product?

The logical, fact-based approach is used in advertisements most effectively when the basis of the attitude is and .

Based on evidence from Karremans et al.(2006) about how subliminal messages can affect our product choices, who would be most likely to purchase a Choco-Yum candy bar after seeing a subliminal message flashed?

Based on research by Fazio regarding the ability of highly accessible attitudes to predict behaviors, which of the following people would be most likely to stop and donate to a homeless person who approaches and asks for money?

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

If you are constructing an ad, a basic principle to remember is that you must

You have observed that there is more litter around signs that say "$500 fine for littering" than around signs that say "Please keep our state clean." What social psychological theory would you use to explain this observation?

All of the following are characteristics of affectively based attitudes except that they are

A positive attitude can be formed via classical conditioning when an attitude object is repeatedly paired with

Most people believe that subliminal messages

Researchers (Davidson & Jaccard, 1979) studied the relationship between women's attitudes and their use of the birth control pill.They found that the best predictor of whether women were using the birth control pill two years after reporting their attitudes was the women's

If Little Joey gets punished every time he plays with matches, Joey may develop a negative attitude toward matches.What would best explain Joey's negative attitude toward them?

Based on research presented in your text about attitudes predicting behavior, it could be said that ________ attitudes best predict actual behavior.

The purpose of cognitively based attitudes is to

You are hired by a group concerned with sex and violence in the media.This group wants to persuade children to behave morally and therefore wants to ban all images and messages of violence or sex in the media.From what you know about reactance theory, what would you tell this group?

Suppose you are trying to persuade a group of people to purchase a new kitchen gadget.If you are presenting mostly weak arguments, which of the following techniques would help people feel more confident in their attitudes?

Why do ads for heartburn medications spend so much time talking about how quickly the product works and whether there is calcium or magnesium in the product?

The logical, fact-based approach is used in advertisements most effectively when the basis of the attitude is ________ and ________.

Based on evidence from Karremans et al.(2006) about how subliminal messages can affect our product choices, who would be most likely to purchase a Choco-Yum candy bar after seeing a subliminal message flashed?

Based on research by Fazio regarding the ability of highly accessible attitudes to predict behaviors, which of the following people would be most likely to stop and donate to a homeless person who approaches and asks for money?

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

The logical, fact-based approach is used in advertisements most effectively when the basis of the attitude is and .