Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Based on information from the authors of your text, what is one possible explanation as to why girls and boys perform about the same in math in elementary school, but a gender gap appears around puberty?

Which of the following is true?

Why does the availability heuristic sometimes lead to incorrect inferences?

According to the authors of your text, when people use automatic thinking, they tend to size up new situations

Julie sees an Asian couple at the New York City Zoo.According to __________, she may assume they are foreigners touring the area, but according to __________, she should assume that given the low tourism rate in her town, they are actually local residents.

Assume that the winning lottery ticket was purchased at the convenience store just around the corner from your house.According to research on counterfactual thinking, you would probably feel worse than if the winning ticket had been purchased all the way across the state, because

An environment that promotes getting along well with others, being connected to one another, and seeing the larger context of social situations is most likely to promote _______ thinking.

When Jana was chiding herself for losing her favorite necklace and reciting a list of all the things she could have done to prevent the loss, her grandmother said, "Now, Jana.Don't cry over spilled milk." In essence, Jana's grandmother was advising her to

Carol has a subtle "Mona Lisa" smile that is much harder to detect than an obvious toothy grin.Assume that before you met Carol, a mutual friend described her as warm and friendly.The first time Carol smiled at you, if you were to rely on your schemas, you would probably conclude that she is

If the research on priming and metaphors is correct, which of the following is true? You are more likely to meet your true love on vacation somewhere

Based on what you learned in this chapter, do schemas become stronger or weaker over time? Why?

Physicians often say, "When you hear hoof beats behind you, think horses, not zebras." In terms of this chapter, this idea most closely resembles

People tend to have ________ emotional reactions the ________ it is to "mentally undo" an outcome.

According to the authors of your text, automatic thinking is based on

A mother who has tragically lost a daughter in a car accident spends her days rehearsing "if onlys." "If only I had made her stay home that night"; "If only she had taken Route 78 instead of Route 22"; "If only I had offered to chauffeur her instead of letting her drive herself." The mother is engaging in the process known as

Recently, a state department of education decided to lower the grade needed to pass the writing portion of a standardized test.Assuming that Rosenthal and Jacobson's research remains true in today's classrooms, what is most likely to happen to students' writing ability as a result?

When Becky meets her new roommate, she sees that she has her hair dyed blue and has decorated her side of the room with lots of handmade ceramic pots and paintings.She then assumes that her roommate has multiple piercings and listens to punk rock.She has used the ________ heuristic in making this assumption.

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950) told some college students that their guest lecturer was a warm person, and others that he was a cold person.The visitor then lectured for twenty minutes, and behaved in a very arrogant way during the lecture.When students evaluated the lecturer,

Most initial impressions of a novel situation are made using

Researchers had college students read statements about the existence of or absence of free will.This served as the ________ variable for their experiment.