Question 1

When an individual is high in naïve optimism, she:

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimates the likelihood of positive events. 
B)  undermines the likelihood of negative events. 
C)  sees herself as having less risk than the average person. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  overestimates the likelihood of positive events. 
B)  undermines the likelihood of negative events. 
C)  sees herself as having less risk than the average person. 
D)  All of the above

Question 2

Secondary appraisal involves ______________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thinking of ways to indirectly solve the problem. 
B)  assessing whether the event is a threat or challenge. 
C)  determining whether you have the personal ability to cope with the event. 
D)  thinking of ways to deal with the problem the next time it occurs. 
A)  thinking of ways to indirectly solve the problem. 
B)  assessing whether the event is a threat or challenge. 
C)  determining whether you have the personal ability to cope with the event. 
D)  thinking of ways to deal with the problem the next time it occurs.

Question 3

Which one of the following is not a problem associated with measuring coping through self-report checklists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Measures are too artificial because they are removed from naturalistic contexts. 
B)  Individuals are asked to report on an event that might have occurred months ago. 
C)  There are no clear individual differences that can be identified. 
D)  The range of coping responses needs to be expanded. 
A)  Measures are too artificial because they are removed from naturalistic contexts. 
B)  Individuals are asked to report on an event that might have occurred months ago. 
C)  There are no clear individual differences that can be identified. 
D)  The range of coping responses needs to be expanded.

Question 4

Defensive pessimism can be useful because it __________ people but it can also be damaging because it has been associated with greater levels of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  motivates, stress 
B)  protects, illness 
C)  prepares, depression 
D)  strengthens, loneliness 
A)  motivates, stress 
B)  protects, illness 
C)  prepares, depression 
D)  strengthens, loneliness

Question 5

Hardiness is defined by which of the following orientation(s) toward the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  Challenge 
B)  Challenge and control 
C)  Challenge, control, and commitment 
D)  Challenge, control, commitment, and connection 
A)  Challenge 
B)  Challenge and control 
C)  Challenge, control, and commitment 
D)  Challenge, control, commitment, and connection

Question 6

Contrast the Type A, Type C, Type D, and hardy personalities. Outline the characteristic behaviours of each and how these behaviours may contribute to specific illnesses.

Accepted Answer

.Type A -attributes such as competition,

Question 7

________________ are important because they determine, in part, the way that people respond to stressful situations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive appraisals 
B)  Coping interpretations 
C)  Event interpretations 
D)  Challenge appraisals 
A)  Cognitive appraisals 
B)  Coping interpretations 
C)  Event interpretations 
D)  Challenge appraisals

Question 8

Explain the differences between mediation and moderation in terms of health, procrastination, and stress.

Accepted Answer

.Mediation is when a variable comes betw

Question 9

Which one of these coping styles is not a part of the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems (CHIP) measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance coping 
B)  Emotion focussed 
C)  Proactive coping 
D)  Task focussed 
A)  Avoidance coping 
B)  Emotion focussed 
C)  Proactive coping 
D)  Task focussed

Question 10

According to Chang, when it comes to primary appraisals of threat versus challenge, optimists:

Accepted Answer

A)  are more likely than pessimists to believe that an event is a challenge rather than a threat. 
B)  do not differ from pessimists in determining whether an event is a threat or challenge. 
C)  are more likely than pessimists to believe that an event is a threat rather than a challenge. 
D)  are less likely than pessimists to be affected by factors such as their current mood when determining whether or an event is a threat or challenge. 
A)  are more likely than pessimists to believe that an event is a challenge rather than a threat. 
B)  do not differ from pessimists in determining whether an event is a threat or challenge. 
C)  are more likely than pessimists to believe that an event is a threat rather than a challenge. 
D)  are less likely than pessimists to be affected by factors such as their current mood when determining whether or an event is a threat or challenge.

Question 11

The cultural adjustment that occurs when an individual changes jobs from one country to another is called sojourner adjustment. As rated by the managers at the new jobs, individuals high in ____________ were more likely to show better personal adjustment, job performance, assignment completion, and interpersonal relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)  extroversion 
B)  openness to experience 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  extroversion 
B)  openness to experience 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 12

Coping styles have been found to be

Accepted Answer

A)  long-lasting 
B)  stable 
C)  Both A and B 
D)  Neither A nor B 
A)  long-lasting 
B)  stable 
C)  Both A and B 
D)  Neither A nor B

Question 13

_______________ is a strong predictor of engaging in risky sexual behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A)  Authoritarianism 
B)  Low implicit self-esteem 
C)  Sensation seeking 
D)  Agreeableness 
A)  Authoritarianism 
B)  Low implicit self-esteem 
C)  Sensation seeking 
D)  Agreeableness

Question 14

Chang found that compared to optimists, pessimists were ______________in adaptive coping styles and ______________ in maladaptive coping styles.

Accepted Answer

A)  similar; higher. 
B)  lower; higher. 
C)  higher; higher. 
D)  lower; lower. 
A)  similar; higher. 
B)  lower; higher. 
C)  higher; higher. 
D)  lower; lower.

Question 15

Who would we expect to respond the most adaptively to sensory deprivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Martin, who is an introvert and a low sensation seeker. 
B)  John, who is an introvert and a high sensation seeker 
C)  Sherry, who is an extrovert and a high sensation seeker. 
D)  Noel, who is an extrovert and a low sensation seeker. 
A)  Martin, who is an introvert and a low sensation seeker. 
B)  John, who is an introvert and a high sensation seeker 
C)  Sherry, who is an extrovert and a high sensation seeker. 
D)  Noel, who is an extrovert and a low sensation seeker.

Question 16

What is the correlation between self-efficacy and health outcomes measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  .50 
B)  .01 
C)  .70 
D)  .30 
A)  .50 
B)  .01 
C)  .70 
D)  .30

Question 17

What is the problem with self-report measures of health symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Measures differ in their range of item content. 
B)  Response keys (e.g., frequency vs. intensity) may be different across measures. 
C)  Personality factors may influence the perception of symptoms. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Measures differ in their range of item content. 
B)  Response keys (e.g., frequency vs. intensity) may be different across measures. 
C)  Personality factors may influence the perception of symptoms. 
D)  All of the above

Question 18

Which two traits were found to be protective against risky behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A)  agreeableness and openness 
B)  neuroticism and agreeableness 
C)  extroversion and conscientiousness 
D)  agreeableness and conscientiousness 
A)  agreeableness and openness 
B)  neuroticism and agreeableness 
C)  extroversion and conscientiousness 
D)  agreeableness and conscientiousness

Question 19

___________-focused coping involves taking actions to directly solve the problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  Remedial 
B)  Problem 
C)  Goal 
D)  Emotion 
A)  Remedial 
B)  Problem 
C)  Goal 
D)  Emotion

Question 20

The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory assesses which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Optimism 
B)  Appreciation of life 
C)  Confidence 
D)  Future goals 
A)  Optimism 
B)  Appreciation of life 
C)  Confidence 
D)  Future goals

When an individual is high in naïve optimism, she:

Secondary appraisal involves ______________________________.

Which one of the following is not a problem associated with measuring coping through self-report checklists?

Defensive pessimism can be useful because it people but it can also be damaging because it has been associated with greater levels of .

Hardiness is defined by which of the following orientation(s) toward the world?

Contrast the Type A, Type C, Type D, and hardy personalities. Outline the characteristic behaviours of each and how these behaviours may contribute to specific illnesses.

________________ are important because they determine, in part, the way that people respond to stressful situations.

Explain the differences between mediation and moderation in terms of health, procrastination, and stress.

Which one of these coping styles is not a part of the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems (CHIP) measure?

According to Chang, when it comes to primary appraisals of threat versus challenge, optimists:

Coping styles have been found to be

_______________ is a strong predictor of engaging in risky sexual behaviours.

Chang found that compared to optimists, pessimists were in adaptive coping styles and in maladaptive coping styles.

Who would we expect to respond the most adaptively to sensory deprivation?

What is the correlation between self-efficacy and health outcomes measures?

What is the problem with self-report measures of health symptoms?

Which two traits were found to be protective against risky behaviours?

___________-focused coping involves taking actions to directly solve the problem.

The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory assesses which of the following?

Personality -An Introduction

Units of Personality -Types Versus Traits

The Development of Personality

Personality Research Methods and Assessment Issues

Psychodynamic Theories

Motivational Theories and Psychological Needs

Humanistic Theories and Self-Actualization

Behavioural and Learning Theories

Cognitive Theories and Cognitive Factors

Interpersonal Theories and Interpersonal Styles

Personality Theory and the Self-Concept

Personality, Mental Health, and Psychopathology

Psychobiography and Personology

Filters

Exam 12: Personality and Health

When an individual is high in naïve optimism, she:

Secondary appraisal involves ______________________________.

Which one of the following is not a problem associated with measuring coping through self-report checklists?

Defensive pessimism can be useful because it __________ people but it can also be damaging because it has been associated with greater levels of __________.

Hardiness is defined by which of the following orientation(s) toward the world?

Contrast the Type A, Type C, Type D, and hardy personalities. Outline the characteristic behaviours of each and how these behaviours may contribute to specific illnesses.

________________ are important because they determine, in part, the way that people respond to stressful situations.

Explain the differences between mediation and moderation in terms of health, procrastination, and stress.

Which one of these coping styles is not a part of the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems (CHIP) measure?

According to Chang, when it comes to primary appraisals of threat versus challenge, optimists:

Coping styles have been found to be

_______________ is a strong predictor of engaging in risky sexual behaviours.

Chang found that compared to optimists, pessimists were ______________in adaptive coping styles and ______________ in maladaptive coping styles.

Who would we expect to respond the most adaptively to sensory deprivation?

What is the correlation between self-efficacy and health outcomes measures?

What is the problem with self-report measures of health symptoms?

Which two traits were found to be protective against risky behaviours?

___________-focused coping involves taking actions to directly solve the problem.

The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory assesses which of the following?

Personality -An Introduction

Units of Personality -Types Versus Traits

The Development of Personality

Personality Research Methods and Assessment Issues

Psychodynamic Theories

Motivational Theories and Psychological Needs

Humanistic Theories and Self-Actualization

Behavioural and Learning Theories

Cognitive Theories and Cognitive Factors

Interpersonal Theories and Interpersonal Styles

Personality Theory and the Self-Concept

Personality, Mental Health, and Psychopathology

Psychobiography and Personology

Filters

Defensive pessimism can be useful because it people but it can also be damaging because it has been associated with greater levels of .

Chang found that compared to optimists, pessimists were in adaptive coping styles and in maladaptive coping styles.