Question 1

Many organs have adaptations to increase the rate of diffusion of a gas or solute.How are fish gills adapted to optimize oxygen absorption?

Accepted Answer

A) Bidirectional flow of water across the gills 
B) Co-current flow of water across the gills and blood within the gill capillaries 
C) Continual flow of water across the gills 
D) Countercurrent flow of water across the gills and blood within the gill capillaries 
A) Bidirectional flow of water across the gills 
B) Co-current flow of water across the gills and blood within the gill capillaries 
C) Continual flow of water across the gills 
D) Countercurrent flow of water across the gills and blood within the gill capillaries

Question 2

The air pressure in Denver,Colorado,is about 83% of the air pressure in Miami Beach,which is about sea level.Given that the air pressure in Miami Beach is 760 mm Hg and oxygen makes up 21% of the air in Miami Beach,what is the percentage of oxygen and the partial pressure of oxygen in Denver,respectively?

Accepted Answer

A) 21%;21 mm Hg 
B) 21%;132 mm Hg 
C) 17.4%;132 mm Hg 
D) 17.4%;21 mm Hg 
A) 21%;21 mm Hg 
B) 21%;132 mm Hg 
C) 17.4%;132 mm Hg 
D) 17.4%;21 mm Hg

Question 3

Figure 44.1  
-On the ECG above,which waveform represents ventricular electrical activity?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3

Question 4

In a cross section through an artery and vein running parallel in your leg,which would be the artery?

Accepted Answer

A) The vessel with the largest interior diameter. 
B) The vessel with more muscle tissue in the wall. 
C) The vessel lined with endothelium. 
D) The vessel with valves to prevent backflow. 
E) All of the above answers apply. 
A) The vessel with the largest interior diameter. 
B) The vessel with more muscle tissue in the wall. 
C) The vessel lined with endothelium. 
D) The vessel with valves to prevent backflow. 
E) All of the above answers apply.

Question 5

Premature infants may not produce surfactants in the alveoli of their lungs.What implications does this have for their health and survival?

Accepted Answer

A) The partial pressure of oxygen drops significantly in the absence of these surfactants,and the child may suffer brain damage from oxygen deprivation. 
B) The surface tension of fluids in the lungs may be too high for the lungs to expand fully during inhalation. 
C) Surfactants are necessary to trap pollutants and other material that enters the lungs during inhalation;thus,lung disease is more likely. 
D) Surfactants raise the surface tension of alveolar fluids so that deoxygenated air does not get trapped in the lungs during exhalation. 
A) The partial pressure of oxygen drops significantly in the absence of these surfactants,and the child may suffer brain damage from oxygen deprivation. 
B) The surface tension of fluids in the lungs may be too high for the lungs to expand fully during inhalation. 
C) Surfactants are necessary to trap pollutants and other material that enters the lungs during inhalation;thus,lung disease is more likely. 
D) Surfactants raise the surface tension of alveolar fluids so that deoxygenated air does not get trapped in the lungs during exhalation.

Question 6

Where does the blood within the pulmonary vein travel next?

Accepted Answer

A) alveolar capillaries 
B) left atrium of the heart 
C) right atrium of the heart 
D) pulmonary artery 
A) alveolar capillaries 
B) left atrium of the heart 
C) right atrium of the heart 
D) pulmonary artery

Exam 44: Gas Exchange and Circulation

Many organs have adaptations to increase the rate of diffusion of a gas or solute.How are fish gills adapted to optimize oxygen absorption?

Figure 44.1 -On the ECG above,which waveform represents ventricular electrical activity?

In a cross section through an artery and vein running parallel in your leg,which would be the artery?

Premature infants may not produce surfactants in the alveoli of their lungs.What implications does this have for their health and survival?

Where does the blood within the pulmonary vein travel next?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

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Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

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An Introduction to Animals

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Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

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Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

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