Question 1

Why did COFO recruit northern white students to help with Freedom Summer?

Accepted Answer

A)  There were no black students interested. 
B)  They thought the white students would give the project more media attention. 
C)  They thought the white students were more experienced in organizing activities. 
D)  They wanted some younger people to balance the age ratio.. 
A)  There were no black students interested. 
B)  They thought the white students would give the project more media attention. 
C)  They thought the white students were more experienced in organizing activities. 
D)  They wanted some younger people to balance the age ratio..

Question 2

Why did the NAACP not decide to use Claudette Colvin's arrest as a test case on the buses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Colvin was a white woman who tried to sit in the black section of the bus, and they wanted a black woman arrested. 
B)  Colvin was not considered "suitable"-she was 15, unmarried, and pregnant. 
C)  Colvin was too old, and in unstable health. They did not feel she would make it through an arduous trial. 
D)  Colvin had already had her life threatened by white supremacist groups in Montgomery and Birmingham. 
A)  Colvin was a white woman who tried to sit in the black section of the bus, and they wanted a black woman arrested. 
B)  Colvin was not considered "suitable"-she was 15, unmarried, and pregnant. 
C)  Colvin was too old, and in unstable health. They did not feel she would make it through an arduous trial. 
D)  Colvin had already had her life threatened by white supremacist groups in Montgomery and Birmingham.

Question 3

What did King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" state?

Accepted Answer

A)  He justified the use of direct action as a way to force change to unjust laws. 
B)  He justified the use of violence in civil rights organizing. 
C)  He foreshadowed his own assassination, noting that he was ready to die for his cause. 
D)  That King was converting from Christianity to the Muslim faith. 
A)  He justified the use of direct action as a way to force change to unjust laws. 
B)  He justified the use of violence in civil rights organizing. 
C)  He foreshadowed his own assassination, noting that he was ready to die for his cause. 
D)  That King was converting from Christianity to the Muslim faith.

Question 4

Why did the SCLC object to the tactics and methods of the SNCC?

Accepted Answer

A)  They thought that SNCC was too conservative in accepting segregation. 
B)  They wanted the students to work solely on issues for younger children. 
C)  They thought the SNCC was too confrontational and disrupted race relations. 
D)  They wanted less control of the movement. 
A)  They thought that SNCC was too conservative in accepting segregation. 
B)  They wanted the students to work solely on issues for younger children. 
C)  They thought the SNCC was too confrontational and disrupted race relations. 
D)  They wanted less control of the movement.

Question 5

What tactic did college students begin to employ beginning in 1960?

Accepted Answer

A)  the protest bombing 
B)  the boycott 
C)  the musical concert benefit 
D)  the sit-in 
A)  the protest bombing 
B)  the boycott 
C)  the musical concert benefit 
D)  the sit-in

Question 6

What amendment did the NAACP claim southern states were violating when they lacked black graduate education facilities or refused admittance to blacks?

Accepted Answer

A)  First Amendment 
B)  Fourteenth Amendment 
C)  Twenty-First Amendment 
D)  Tenth Amendment 
A)  First Amendment 
B)  Fourteenth Amendment 
C)  Twenty-First Amendment 
D)  Tenth Amendment

Question 7

How was the case of Briggs v. Elliot different from prior NAACP cases in education?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involved a case of medical school education, rather than law school. 
B)  It was the first case to involve elementary school education, rather than graduate school education. 
C)  It was the first successful desegregation case. 
D)  It was a loss for the NAACP, and resulted in large setbacks. 
A)  It involved a case of medical school education, rather than law school. 
B)  It was the first case to involve elementary school education, rather than graduate school education. 
C)  It was the first successful desegregation case. 
D)  It was a loss for the NAACP, and resulted in large setbacks.

Question 8

What was not a reaction by southern whites to implementing Brown?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some states closed their public schools to prevent integration. 
B)  Some claimed that the court decision was inspired by communism. 
C)  Some stated that the decision was unconstitutional, with the courts taking too much power. 
D)  They began a policy of massive, organized violent resistance. 
A)  Some states closed their public schools to prevent integration. 
B)  Some claimed that the court decision was inspired by communism. 
C)  Some stated that the decision was unconstitutional, with the courts taking too much power. 
D)  They began a policy of massive, organized violent resistance.

Question 9

Why did many African Americans support John Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many did not-he was seen as a typical racist from the South. 
B)  Kennedy, as governor of Massachusetts, had hired many blacks into important offices. 
C)  He made several important gestures, including helping King get released from prison. 
D)  Kennedy promised to desegregate the military and housing, and to allow black churches to be exempt from taxation in the South. 
A)  Many did not-he was seen as a typical racist from the South. 
B)  Kennedy, as governor of Massachusetts, had hired many blacks into important offices. 
C)  He made several important gestures, including helping King get released from prison. 
D)  Kennedy promised to desegregate the military and housing, and to allow black churches to be exempt from taxation in the South.

Question 10

How had President Eisenhower reacted to the Brown decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  He supported it wholeheartedly, and threw all his resources into desegregating the schools. 
B)  He fought the decision at every turn, and never assisted blacks in any way. 
C)  He did not seem to accept the ruling completely, refusing to provide it with the backing of his office. 
D)  Eisenhower was unable to enforce Brown because he was so unpopular in office. 
A)  He supported it wholeheartedly, and threw all his resources into desegregating the schools. 
B)  He fought the decision at every turn, and never assisted blacks in any way. 
C)  He did not seem to accept the ruling completely, refusing to provide it with the backing of his office. 
D)  Eisenhower was unable to enforce Brown because he was so unpopular in office.

Question 11

How did Albany Sheriff Laurie Pritchett respond when activists tried to overflow the jails?

Accepted Answer

A)  He reacted violently, using his police force to beat and murder black activists. 
B)  He completely ignored them, refusing to send his officers out on the streets that day. 
C)  He quickly found more space in surrounding jails, making the tactic useless. 
D)  He immediately desegregated the town, without further objection. 
A)  He reacted violently, using his police force to beat and murder black activists. 
B)  He completely ignored them, refusing to send his officers out on the streets that day. 
C)  He quickly found more space in surrounding jails, making the tactic useless. 
D)  He immediately desegregated the town, without further objection.

Question 12

What facilities did Atlanta students specifically target?

Accepted Answer

A)  private, restricted clubs 
B)  government facilities, which should have been willing to serve all customers 
C)  Woolworth's lunch counters 
D)  swimming pools and outdoor parks 
A)  private, restricted clubs 
B)  government facilities, which should have been willing to serve all customers 
C)  Woolworth's lunch counters 
D)  swimming pools and outdoor parks

Question 13

How did whites in Alabama react to the Freedom Riders passing through their state?

Accepted Answer

A)  They paid little attention, since the riders were peaceful and made no trouble. 
B)  They reacted violently, bombing the buses and beating the riders and bystanders. 
C)  They generally supported the black students, as long as they were peaceful. 
D)  They supported the students with donations of food and money. 
A)  They paid little attention, since the riders were peaceful and made no trouble. 
B)  They reacted violently, bombing the buses and beating the riders and bystanders. 
C)  They generally supported the black students, as long as they were peaceful. 
D)  They supported the students with donations of food and money.

Question 14

What group of Montgomerians was pivotal to the effectiveness of the boycott?

Accepted Answer

A)  The women of the city were pivotal, only because they persuaded the men not to ride the buses. 
B)  The women of the city, who funded and organized the boycott, were pivotal. 
C)  Martin Luther King was really the only reason the boycott succeeded. 
D)  The ministers, who were united behind the cause and took great personal risks, were pivotal. 
A)  The women of the city were pivotal, only because they persuaded the men not to ride the buses. 
B)  The women of the city, who funded and organized the boycott, were pivotal. 
C)  Martin Luther King was really the only reason the boycott succeeded. 
D)  The ministers, who were united behind the cause and took great personal risks, were pivotal.

Question 15

What act of violence was the immediate cause of Johnson pushing through the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Accepted Answer

A)  the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing 
B)  the assassination of Martin Luther King 
C)  the assassination of John F. Kennedy 
D)  the murder of James Reeb, a white minister from Boston, who was visiting Alabama 
A)  the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing 
B)  the assassination of Martin Luther King 
C)  the assassination of John F. Kennedy 
D)  the murder of James Reeb, a white minister from Boston, who was visiting Alabama

Question 16

Which of the following cases involved a young woman who had been denied admission to a law school because she was black?

Accepted Answer

A)  State of Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada 
B)  Sweatt v. Painter 
C)  Sipuel v. Oklahoma State Board of Regents 
D)  Brown v. Board of Education. 
A)  State of Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada 
B)  Sweatt v. Painter 
C)  Sipuel v. Oklahoma State Board of Regents 
D)  Brown v. Board of Education.

Question 17

How did Kennedy react to the actions of Ross Barnett and George Wallace?

Accepted Answer

A)  He approved of their decisions to allow students to attend universities. 
B)  He acted decisively, sending in or federalizing troops to ensure black students were admitted to universities. 
C)  He refused to do anything, allowing them to deny admission to black students. 
D)  He told them verbally he supported their actions, disappointing his black supporters. 
A)  He approved of their decisions to allow students to attend universities. 
B)  He acted decisively, sending in or federalizing troops to ensure black students were admitted to universities. 
C)  He refused to do anything, allowing them to deny admission to black students. 
D)  He told them verbally he supported their actions, disappointing his black supporters.

Question 18

Why did students form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, rather than join the SCLC?

Accepted Answer

A)  They thought that Martin Luther King was a communist. 
B)  They didn't agree with the type of leadership structure of the SCLC. 
C)  They thought that older people did not know anything about segregation. 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  They thought that Martin Luther King was a communist. 
B)  They didn't agree with the type of leadership structure of the SCLC. 
C)  They thought that older people did not know anything about segregation. 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 19

What event sparked the Montgomery bus boycott?

Accepted Answer

A)  the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. 
B)  the arrest of Rosa Parks, a local seamstress and civil rights activist 
C)  the violence against black men on the buses 
D)  A dispute over police brutality in the city. 
A)  the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. 
B)  the arrest of Rosa Parks, a local seamstress and civil rights activist 
C)  the violence against black men on the buses 
D)  A dispute over police brutality in the city.

Question 20

What did Kennedy do in response to the Birmingham March and the continued violence?

Accepted Answer

A)  He ignored the march and violence, since he was afraid of losing southern support. 
B)  He proposed a major piece of civil rights legislation, but was never able to get enough support in Congress to pass it. 
C)  He quickly denounced King's use of violence in the march. 
D)  Kennedy appointed a new commission to study the issue. 
A)  He ignored the march and violence, since he was afraid of losing southern support. 
B)  He proposed a major piece of civil rights legislation, but was never able to get enough support in Congress to pass it. 
C)  He quickly denounced King's use of violence in the march. 
D)  Kennedy appointed a new commission to study the issue.

Exam 21: The Freedom Movement

Why did COFO recruit northern white students to help with Freedom Summer?

Why did the NAACP not decide to use Claudette Colvin's arrest as a test case on the buses?

What did King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" state?

Why did the SCLC object to the tactics and methods of the SNCC?

What tactic did college students begin to employ beginning in 1960?

What amendment did the NAACP claim southern states were violating when they lacked black graduate education facilities or refused admittance to blacks?

How was the case of Briggs v. Elliot different from prior NAACP cases in education?

What was not a reaction by southern whites to implementing Brown?

Why did many African Americans support John Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election?

How had President Eisenhower reacted to the Brown decision?

How did Albany Sheriff Laurie Pritchett respond when activists tried to overflow the jails?

What facilities did Atlanta students specifically target?

How did whites in Alabama react to the Freedom Riders passing through their state?

What group of Montgomerians was pivotal to the effectiveness of the boycott?

What act of violence was the immediate cause of Johnson pushing through the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Which of the following cases involved a young woman who had been denied admission to a law school because she was black?

How did Kennedy react to the actions of Ross Barnett and George Wallace?

Why did students form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, rather than join the SCLC?

What event sparked the Montgomery bus boycott?

What did Kennedy do in response to the Birmingham March and the continued violence?

Africa

Middle Passage

Black People in Colonial North America

Rising Expectations: African Americans and the Struggle for Independence

African Americans in the New Nation, 1783-1820

Life in the Cotton Kingdom

Free Black People in Antebellum America

Opposition to Slavery

Let Your Motto Be Resistance

And Black People Were at the Heart of It

Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War

The Meaning of Freedom: the Promise of Reconstruction

The Meaning of Freedom: the Failure of Reconstruction, 1868-1877

White Supremacy Triumphant: African Americans in the South in the Late Nineteenth Century

Black Southerners Challenge White Supremacy

Conciliation, Agitation, and Migration: African Americans in the Early Twentieth Century

African Americans and the 1920s

Black Protests, the Great Depression, and the New Deal

Meanings of Freedom: Culture and Society in the 1930s and 1940s

The World War Ii Era and the Seeds of a Revolution, 1936-1948

Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts, 1965-1976

African Americans at the Millennium

The Triumph of Black Politics: 1980 to the Present

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