Exam 4: Research Design

The positive relationship between shoe size and IQ is what kind of relationship?

The ecological fallacy refers to drawing conclusions about individuals based solely on the observation of groups.

The easiest way to identify the unit of analysis is to examine a statement regarding the variables under study.

The independent (effect)variable must occur later in time than the dependent (cause)variable.

Discuss the three purposes for doing research.Describe a study that illustrates each purpose.

To look at changes in the average age of marriage for men and women in the United States,Professor Torme studied the U.S.Censuses over a period of decades.Torme was doing a(n)

Cohort studies are based only upon the age group of participants

Longitudinal studies are particularly useful for addressing which criterion for establishing causality?

Brunelle concluded from her study on gender and delinquency that it is not just probabilistic that men commit more delinquency,but that gender is the only relevant factor in that high levels of delinquency are always committed by men.Which false criterion for nomothetic causality is reflected in this example?

For a causal relationship to be true,it must apply to a majority of cases.

Making inferences about a police department based on surveys of the officers who work there is an example of the ecological fallacy.

A second researcher decides to select a LARGE sample of citizens in a community to interview before a new factory is built in the community.This researcher does not believe there is a need to re-interview these citizens at a later date.This researcher has engaged in _________ research design.

William Robinson,a sociologist,found that during the 1930s there was a positive relationship between the literacy rate and percentage of the population that was foreign born.If you concluded on this basis that your neighbor,Yasmine,who is a foreign-born resident,has a higher literacy rate than other native-born residents,you would be committing the

A research proposal describes what you intend to accomplish and how.

In nomothetic explanations,exceptions disprove the causal relationship.

Yugorsky studied five fifth-grade classes over three years to determine how friendship patterns established in the fifth grade affected friendship patterns in the eighth grade.He studied the same group of students over time,but not necessarily the same individuals.Which design did he use?

By itself,the 2000 Census exemplifies a study that when compared to another decennial census could be considered a study.

Margot wants to examine how student nurses change in their orientation towards patients over the course of their three years in nursing school.She is particularly concerned with following changes within the same individuals.It would be best to use a

Desiree did a study on the causes of juvenile delinquency.Specifically,she examined if living in a city as opposed to the suburbs caused adolescents to become more delinquent.Which purpose of research did she pursue?

Nate wants to make some causal assertions in his cross-sectional study about the effects of high school involvement on violence among young adults (all the people he studied are in their early 20s).He can approximate a longitudinal study by