Question 1

Which one of the following is the BEST example of the ecological fallacy?

Accepted Answer

A) Catherina studied the ecology of social interaction in her dorm, but focused only on individuals. 
B) Felisha studied Census tracts for her study on crime, but then wrote up her conclusions in terms of individuals. 
C) Sean did not actually study the same individuals in his longitudinal study of worker alienation, but called his study a panel study. 
D) Jack mistakenly called his unit of analysis organizations, but it was really social artifacts in his study of humor. 
E) Mary applied the reasons for why her cousin, Jane, failed her driving test to all persons who failed their driving tests. 
A) Catherina studied the ecology of social interaction in her dorm, but focused only on individuals. 
B) Felisha studied Census tracts for her study on crime, but then wrote up her conclusions in terms of individuals. 
C) Sean did not actually study the same individuals in his longitudinal study of worker alienation, but called his study a panel study. 
D) Jack mistakenly called his unit of analysis organizations, but it was really social artifacts in his study of humor. 
E) Mary applied the reasons for why her cousin, Jane, failed her driving test to all persons who failed their driving tests.

Question 2

When the relationship between the number of firefighters and the amount of fire damage disappears once we control for the size of the fire,we say that "size of fire" is a ___________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) moderator 
B) spurious 
C) correlational 
D) causative 
E) valid 
A) moderator 
B) spurious 
C) correlational 
D) causative 
E) valid

Question 3

Professor Root was studying the arrest rates for drunken driving in urban and rural areas of Ohio.It was found that the arrest rate was higher in the rural areas.Professor Root concluded that people who live in rural areas are more likely to drive while intoxicated than are people who live in urban areas.Root's conclusion

Accepted Answer

A) illustrates the ecological fallacy. 
B) illustrates the individualistic fallacy. 
C) illustrates good deductive reasoning. 
D) illustrates the importance of trend studies. 
E) illustrates the role of ethics in social research 
A) illustrates the ecological fallacy. 
B) illustrates the individualistic fallacy. 
C) illustrates good deductive reasoning. 
D) illustrates the importance of trend studies. 
E) illustrates the role of ethics in social research

Question 4

Which of the following designs uncovers only net changes?

Accepted Answer

A) cohort and trend studies 
B) trend and panel studies 
C) cohort and panel studies 
D) cohort and cross-sectional studies 
E) trend and cross-sectional studies 
A) cohort and trend studies 
B) trend and panel studies 
C) cohort and panel studies 
D) cohort and cross-sectional studies 
E) trend and cross-sectional studies

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?

Accepted Answer

A) It is conducted at only one point in time. 
B) It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory. 
C) It concentrates on the changes that take place among a specific sample over a period of time. 
D) It provides a means for studying a large population at the same point in time. 
E) All of these choices are characteristics of the cross-sectional study. 
A) It is conducted at only one point in time. 
B) It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory. 
C) It concentrates on the changes that take place among a specific sample over a period of time. 
D) It provides a means for studying a large population at the same point in time. 
E) All of these choices are characteristics of the cross-sectional study.

Question 6

Panel attrition is comparable to experimental mortality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding necessary and sufficient causes?

Accepted Answer

A) A necessary cause represents a condition that, by and large, must be present for the effect to follow. 
B) A sufficient cause represents a condition that, if it is present, will pretty much guarantee the effect in question. 
C) In social science, we typically find a single necessary and sufficient cause to establish a causal relationship. 
D) Idiographic analyses typically yield sufficient causes for a particular result. 
E) A sufficient cause is not the only possible cause of a particular outcome. 
A) A necessary cause represents a condition that, by and large, must be present for the effect to follow. 
B) A sufficient cause represents a condition that, if it is present, will pretty much guarantee the effect in question. 
C) In social science, we typically find a single necessary and sufficient cause to establish a causal relationship. 
D) Idiographic analyses typically yield sufficient causes for a particular result. 
E) A sufficient cause is not the only possible cause of a particular outcome.

Question 8

Sampling is a way to learn about ______ by obtaining information from _______ of a larger population.

Accepted Answer

A) a larger population, the entire membership 
B) a larger population; a subset 
C) a subset of a population; the entire membership 
D) a subset of a population; a subset 
E) one person; a subset 
A) a larger population, the entire membership 
B) a larger population; a subset 
C) a subset of a population; the entire membership 
D) a subset of a population; a subset 
E) one person; a subset

Question 9

A necessary condition represents a condition that,if it is present,guarantees the effect in question.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Operationalization is:

Accepted Answer

A) the part of the theory that tells us how variables are related. 
B) the procedures which we go through to identify and measure variables. 
C) the procedures we go through before we can develop a hypothesis. 
D) the part of a theory that tells us what statistical techniques we can use. 
E) the part of a theory that explains what research knows about the topic. 
A) the part of the theory that tells us how variables are related. 
B) the procedures which we go through to identify and measure variables. 
C) the procedures we go through before we can develop a hypothesis. 
D) the part of a theory that tells us what statistical techniques we can use. 
E) the part of a theory that explains what research knows about the topic.

Question 11

Spurious relationships are relevant for which criterion for establishing nomothetic causality?

Accepted Answer

A) correlation 
B) time order 
C) the effect cannot be explained in terms of some third variable 
D) exceptional cases 
E) hypothesis 
A) correlation 
B) time order 
C) the effect cannot be explained in terms of some third variable 
D) exceptional cases 
E) hypothesis

Question 12

There is a strong correlation between the number of firefighters that show up at a fire and the amount of damage produced by the fire.The size of the fire influences both the number of firefighters and the amount of damage.This illustrates that the relationship between the number of firefighters and the amount of damage is

Accepted Answer

A) spurious. 
B) causal. 
C) not correlational. 
D) a real relationship. 
E) non-spurious. 
A) spurious. 
B) causal. 
C) not correlational. 
D) a real relationship. 
E) non-spurious.

Question 13

Akerlof and Kennedy (2013)suggest all but which of the following ways in which social research can be used to design and evaluate programs to fight environmental degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  isolate those who disagree. 
B)  increase personal agency. 
C)  facilitate emotional motivation. 
D)  communicate supportive social norms 
E)  promote favorable attitudes 
A)  isolate those who disagree. 
B)  increase personal agency. 
C)  facilitate emotional motivation. 
D)  communicate supportive social norms 
E)  promote favorable attitudes

Question 14

The overall group in which a smaller portion is selected for study is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) sample 
B) population 
C) group 
D) cohort 
E) family 
A) sample 
B) population 
C) group 
D) cohort 
E) family

Question 15

When a researcher has only cross-sectional data but wants to apply longitudinal strategies,he or she may be able to if:

Accepted Answer

A)  participants are able to remember past events. 
B)  age differences can be discovered in the cross-sectional data. 
C)  time order of variables is explicitly clear. 
D)  cohorts are available. 
E)  all of these choices are correct. 
A)  participants are able to remember past events. 
B)  age differences can be discovered in the cross-sectional data. 
C)  time order of variables is explicitly clear. 
D)  cohorts are available. 
E)  all of these choices are correct.

Question 16

If a researcher was conducting a study of women's attitudes toward abortion,the unit of analysis would be

Accepted Answer

A) the woman. 
B) attitudes. 
C) each abortion. 
D) the women's attitudes. 
E) the society. 
A) the woman. 
B) attitudes. 
C) each abortion. 
D) the women's attitudes. 
E) the society.

Question 17

__________ mortality is a problem for a specific form of longitudinal study,in which the participants drop out of the project or disappear completely.

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort. 
B)  panel. 
C)  trend. 
D)  longitudinal. 
E)  cross-sectional. 
A)  cohort. 
B)  panel. 
C)  trend. 
D)  longitudinal. 
E)  cross-sectional.

Question 18

Nakeia was studying the literature on homicide survivors and found that no studies had been conducted examining the special condition of children of terrorism victims.If she wanted to examine this topic she should perform what type of study?

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive study. 
B)  exploratory study. 
C)  explanatory study. 
D)  panel study. 
E)  reductionism study. 
A)  descriptive study. 
B)  exploratory study. 
C)  explanatory study. 
D)  panel study. 
E)  reductionism study.

Question 19

Identify and give an example of each of the four units of analysis.Illustrate the ecological fallacy using your examples.

Accepted Answer

The four units of analysis are individua

Question 20

In order to receive an honorable or dishonorable discharge from the military,you must be in the military.In terms of the discharge type,being in the military is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) necessary cause. 
B) sufficient cause. 
C) exceptional cases cause. 
D) majority of cases cause. 
E) military cause 
A) necessary cause. 
B) sufficient cause. 
C) exceptional cases cause. 
D) majority of cases cause. 
E) military cause

Which one of the following is the BEST example of the ecological fallacy?

When the relationship between the number of firefighters and the amount of fire damage disappears once we control for the size of the fire,we say that "size of fire" is a ___________ variable.

Which of the following designs uncovers only net changes?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?

Panel attrition is comparable to experimental mortality.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding necessary and sufficient causes?

Sampling is a way to learn about by obtaining information from _ of a larger population.

A necessary condition represents a condition that,if it is present,guarantees the effect in question.

Operationalization is:

Spurious relationships are relevant for which criterion for establishing nomothetic causality?

Akerlof and Kennedy (2013)suggest all but which of the following ways in which social research can be used to design and evaluate programs to fight environmental degradation?

The overall group in which a smaller portion is selected for study is known as the:

When a researcher has only cross-sectional data but wants to apply longitudinal strategies,he or she may be able to if:

If a researcher was conducting a study of women's attitudes toward abortion,the unit of analysis would be

__________ mortality is a problem for a specific form of longitudinal study,in which the participants drop out of the project or disappear completely.

Nakeia was studying the literature on homicide survivors and found that no studies had been conducted examining the special condition of children of terrorism victims.If she wanted to examine this topic she should perform what type of study?

Identify and give an example of each of the four units of analysis.Illustrate the ecological fallacy using your examples.

In order to receive an honorable or dishonorable discharge from the military,you must be in the military.In terms of the discharge type,being in the military is a(n)

Human Inquiry and Science

Paradigms,theory,and Social Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Conceptualization, operationalization, and Measurement

Indexes, scales, and Typologies

The Logic of Sampling

Experiments

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

The Logic of Multivariate Analysis

Statistical Analyses

Reading and Writing Social Research

Filters

Exam 4: Research Design

Which one of the following is the BEST example of the ecological fallacy?

When the relationship between the number of firefighters and the amount of fire damage disappears once we control for the size of the fire,we say that "size of fire" is a ___________ variable.

Which of the following designs uncovers only net changes?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?

Panel attrition is comparable to experimental mortality.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding necessary and sufficient causes?

Sampling is a way to learn about ______ by obtaining information from _______ of a larger population.

A necessary condition represents a condition that,if it is present,guarantees the effect in question.

Operationalization is:

Spurious relationships are relevant for which criterion for establishing nomothetic causality?

Akerlof and Kennedy (2013)suggest all but which of the following ways in which social research can be used to design and evaluate programs to fight environmental degradation?

The overall group in which a smaller portion is selected for study is known as the:

When a researcher has only cross-sectional data but wants to apply longitudinal strategies,he or she may be able to if:

If a researcher was conducting a study of women's attitudes toward abortion,the unit of analysis would be

__________ mortality is a problem for a specific form of longitudinal study,in which the participants drop out of the project or disappear completely.

Nakeia was studying the literature on homicide survivors and found that no studies had been conducted examining the special condition of children of terrorism victims.If she wanted to examine this topic she should perform what type of study?

Identify and give an example of each of the four units of analysis.Illustrate the ecological fallacy using your examples.

In order to receive an honorable or dishonorable discharge from the military,you must be in the military.In terms of the discharge type,being in the military is a(n)

Human Inquiry and Science

Paradigms,theory,and Social Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Conceptualization, operationalization, and Measurement

Indexes, scales, and Typologies

The Logic of Sampling

Experiments

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

The Logic of Multivariate Analysis

Statistical Analyses

Reading and Writing Social Research

Filters

Sampling is a way to learn about by obtaining information from _ of a larger population.