Question 1

Match up the species with their mating system.
-polyandry

Accepted Answer

A)  bonobos, mollusks, megapode birds 
B)  most birds, burying beetles 
C)  most mammals, bullfrogs, lark bunting, lions, elephant seals 
D)  spotted sandpiper, jacanas, pipefish, Galapagos hawk 
A)  bonobos, mollusks, megapode birds 
B)  most birds, burying beetles 
C)  most mammals, bullfrogs, lark bunting, lions, elephant seals 
D)  spotted sandpiper, jacanas, pipefish, Galapagos hawk

Question 2

Match the term with the correct definition.
-inclusive fitness

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability any two individuals share a copy of genes by descent. 
B)  the total number of copies of genes passed on via reproduction and via relatives. 
C)  selection that lowers one's fitness but enhances that of a relative. 
D)  the development of sterile castes in social insects. 
E)  behavior that appears to benefit others at a cost to oneself. 
A)  the probability any two individuals share a copy of genes by descent. 
B)  the total number of copies of genes passed on via reproduction and via relatives. 
C)  selection that lowers one's fitness but enhances that of a relative. 
D)  the development of sterile castes in social insects. 
E)  behavior that appears to benefit others at a cost to oneself.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of males in mating systems of a single male and many females?

Accepted Answer

A)  large body size, large canine size, large testis size 
B)  large body size, average canine size, small testis size 
C)  average body size, large canine size, large testis size 
D)  large body size, average canine size, large testis size 
E)  large body size, large canine size, average testis size 
A)  large body size, large canine size, large testis size 
B)  large body size, average canine size, small testis size 
C)  average body size, large canine size, large testis size 
D)  large body size, average canine size, large testis size 
E)  large body size, large canine size, average testis size

Question 4

Prey might group together in flocks of herds because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the many eyes hypothesis. 
B)  the selfish herd hypothesis. 
C)  optimal foraging. 
D)  both a and b 
E)  both b and c 
A)  the many eyes hypothesis. 
B)  the selfish herd hypothesis. 
C)  optimal foraging. 
D)  both a and b 
E)  both b and c

Question 5

In killer whales, what group size tends to be stable?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 6

Match the average rewards to the first strategy in hawk/dove type game where the benefits of winning are +100, injury -100, losing = 0 and display = -10
-Hawk vs. Dove

Accepted Answer

A)  41 
B)  101 
C)  1 
A)  41 
B)  101 
C)  1

Question 7

The raising of alarm calls by sentries in Belding's ground squirrel is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism. 
B)  kin selection. 
C)  eusociality. 
D)  inclusive fitness. 
E)  the caste system. 
A)  altruism. 
B)  kin selection. 
C)  eusociality. 
D)  inclusive fitness. 
E)  the caste system.

Question 8

Which mammalian taxa do not have harem mating structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  horses and zebras 
B)  red deer 
C)  naked mole rats 
D)  elephant seals 
E)  elk. 
A)  horses and zebras 
B)  red deer 
C)  naked mole rats 
D)  elephant seals 
E)  elk.

Question 9

Most studies support the idea that as flock size of birds increase, scan duration for individual birds decreases

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match the term with the correct definition.
-kin selection

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability any two individuals share a copy of genes by descent. 
B)  the total number of copies of genes passed on via reproduction and via relatives. 
C)  selection that lowers one's fitness but enhances that of a relative. 
D)  the development of sterile castes in social insects. 
E)  behavior that appears to benefit others at a cost to oneself. 
A)  the probability any two individuals share a copy of genes by descent. 
B)  the total number of copies of genes passed on via reproduction and via relatives. 
C)  selection that lowers one's fitness but enhances that of a relative. 
D)  the development of sterile castes in social insects. 
E)  behavior that appears to benefit others at a cost to oneself.

Question 11

Match up the species with their mating system.
-promiscuity

Accepted Answer

A)  bonobos, mollusks, megapode birds 
B)  most birds, burying beetles 
C)  most mammals, bullfrogs, lark bunting, lions, elephant seals 
D)  spotted sandpiper, jacanas, pipefish, Galapagos hawk 
A)  bonobos, mollusks, megapode birds 
B)  most birds, burying beetles 
C)  most mammals, bullfrogs, lark bunting, lions, elephant seals 
D)  spotted sandpiper, jacanas, pipefish, Galapagos hawk

Question 12

The total number of copies of genes passed on through reproductive output and through relatives is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  kin selection 
B)  Hamilton's Rule 
C)  inclusive fitness 
D)  the coefficients of relatedness 
E)  individual selection 
A)  kin selection 
B)  Hamilton's Rule 
C)  inclusive fitness 
D)  the coefficients of relatedness 
E)  individual selection

Question 13

Polygyny and polygamy are the same.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match the average rewards to the first strategy in hawk/dove type game where the benefits of winning are +100, injury -100, losing = 0 and display = -10
-Hawk vs. Hawk

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  100 
C)  0 
A)  40 
B)  100 
C)  0

Question 15

Let's imagine that solitary male lesser spotted turkeys normally father two offspring. However, related turkeys may cooperate in attracting females. If one male fathers 10 offspring, but the other fathers none, what is the minimum level of relatedness necessary to offset the subordinates loss of reproductive opportunities?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.15 
B)  0.26 
C)  0.50 
D)  0.76 
E)  2.0 
A)  0.15 
B)  0.26 
C)  0.50 
D)  0.76 
E)  2.0

Question 16

Which is NOT a strategy to explain polygynous mating systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  resource based polygyny 
B)  harem based polygyny 
C)  communal courting 
D)  the male enforcement hypothesis 
A)  resource based polygyny 
B)  harem based polygyny 
C)  communal courting 
D)  the male enforcement hypothesis

Question 17

In a bird population in which all pairs lay two eggs and no mutations occur to increase clutch size, selfish individuals that laid more eggs could still immigrate from other areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The ultimate reason that solitary grasshoppers morph into gregarious locusts is an increase in the chemical neurotransmitter serotonin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

George Williams' arguments against group selection related to

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation, kin selection, immigration 
B)  immigration, eusociality, mutation 
C)  resource prediction, mutation, immigration 
D)  kin selection, resource prediction, eusociality 
E)  individual selection, polygamy, resource prediction 
A)  mutation, kin selection, immigration 
B)  immigration, eusociality, mutation 
C)  resource prediction, mutation, immigration 
D)  kin selection, resource prediction, eusociality 
E)  individual selection, polygamy, resource prediction

Question 20

Match the term with the correct definition.
-altruism

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability any two individuals share a copy of genes by descent. 
B)  the total number of copies of genes passed on via reproduction and via relatives. 
C)  selection that lowers one's fitness but enhances that of a relative. 
D)  the development of sterile castes in social insects. 
E)  behavior that appears to benefit others at a cost to oneself. 
A)  the probability any two individuals share a copy of genes by descent. 
B)  the total number of copies of genes passed on via reproduction and via relatives. 
C)  selection that lowers one's fitness but enhances that of a relative. 
D)  the development of sterile castes in social insects. 
E)  behavior that appears to benefit others at a cost to oneself.

Exam 4: Behavioral Ecology

Match up the species with their mating system. -polyandry

Match the term with the correct definition. -inclusive fitness

Which of the following is true of males in mating systems of a single male and many females?

Prey might group together in flocks of herds because of

In killer whales, what group size tends to be stable?

Match the average rewards to the first strategy in hawk/dove type game where the benefits of winning are +100, injury -100, losing = 0 and display = -10 -Hawk vs. Dove

The raising of alarm calls by sentries in Belding's ground squirrel is an example of

Which mammalian taxa do not have harem mating structures?

Most studies support the idea that as flock size of birds increase, scan duration for individual birds decreases

Match the term with the correct definition. -kin selection

Match up the species with their mating system. -promiscuity

The total number of copies of genes passed on through reproductive output and through relatives is termed

Polygyny and polygamy are the same.

Match the average rewards to the first strategy in hawk/dove type game where the benefits of winning are +100, injury -100, losing = 0 and display = -10 -Hawk vs. Hawk

Which is NOT a strategy to explain polygynous mating systems?

In a bird population in which all pairs lay two eggs and no mutations occur to increase clutch size, selfish individuals that laid more eggs could still immigrate from other areas.

The ultimate reason that solitary grasshoppers morph into gregarious locusts is an increase in the chemical neurotransmitter serotonin.

George Williams' arguments against group selection related to

Match the term with the correct definition. -altruism

An Introduction to Ecology

Population Genetics

Natural Selection, Speciation, and Extinction

Temperature

Water

Nutrients

Demographic Techniques and Population Patterns

Life Tables and Demography

Population Growth

Competition and Coexistence

Facilitation

Predation

Herbivory

Parasitism

Population Regulation

Species Diversity

Species Richness Patterns

Species Richness and Community Services

Succession

Island Biogeography

Terrestrial Biomes

Marine Biomes

Freshwater Biomes

Food Webs and Energy Flow

Biomass Production

Biogeochemical Cycles

Filters