Exam 11: Human Development

Harry is in college and is asked to imagine what the world would be like if humans had never invented the wheel.According to Piaget,if Harry is able to think abstractly about this problem,Harry is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Kimmy becomes extremely upset and cries every time her mother leaves her at preschool.However,when Kimmy's mom returns for her,Kimmy becomes angry and squirms out of her mom's arms.Kimmy can best be characterized as having a(n)____ attachment style.

Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky viewed the human mind as a product of ____.

Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development is marked by the first appearance of the ability to ____.

Bernadette is ten years old and in the fourth grade.Describe what may be occurring in her life according to Piaget,Erikson,and Kohlberg.

Heinz's wife is very ill and will die without treatment.Unfortunately,the only drug that can help her is very rare and much too expensive for Heinz to afford.If Heinz is presented with an opportunity to steal the drug,his postconventional moral reasoning would lead him to conclude that he ____.

Hannah's behavior depends largely on reflexes rather than on voluntary control over her movements.Hannah is most likely ____.

Tina's car is towed after being parked on a snow route.She complains that the tow violates her principles of universal justice and fairness.Her friend Dave argues that although the street was completely plowed,Tina technically violated the law and deserves a ticket.According to Kohlberg,Dave's moral reasoning is most likely at the ____ level.

Andrea has a box of crayons.If Andrea is in the preoperational stage described by Piaget,which action is she most likely to take with the crayons?

Pregnant mothers who abuse alcohol create a risk that their children will develop ____,a pattern of defects that includes intellectual disability.

Three-year-old Quentin is wearing sunglasses.Even though the white wall appears brown to him through the sunglasses,he understands that his friend Felicia sees the wall as white because she is not wearing any glasses.Quentin's observation ____.

Two-year-old Aviva and her father are separated in the grocery store for a few minutes.When Aviva sees that her father is gone,she becomes distressed.When Aviva's father returns,Aviva smiles happily and gives him a hug.What kind of attachment does Aviva most likely have with her father?

Matilda is seventy years old and in good health,with no signs of dementia or Alzheimer's disease.Matilda is most likely to experience some difficulties remembering ____.

The term tabula rasa refers to Locke's belief that ____.

Leasha is trying to decide whether to use an illegal online song-sharing service.She thinks,"If I download songs from the Internet,the police could track me down and put me in jail.Because I really don't want to go to jail,I'm not going to use the service." According to Kohlberg,at which level of moral reasoning is Leasha?

Kohlberg's moral developmental stages have been considered universal.However,recent research on moral development and ____ has created some debate over the universality of Kohlberg's stages.

Recent modifications of Piaget's research have indicated that children may develop less globally than Piaget originally theorized.These studies suggest that children's reasoning is dependent on their general level of development,as well as ____.

Jayendra has just graduated from college.He has a strong sense of his goals and values,and is ready to enter adulthood with confidence and maturity.Based on this information,it appears that Jayendra has successfully worked through his ____.

Rashaun watches his toy disappear behind the couch and immediately looks away toward another toy.According to Piaget,Rashaun is most likely ____year(s)of age and in the ____ stage.

Martina has just begun to be able to carry on discussions about hypothetical worlds and counterfactual possibilities.Martina has just ____.