Exam 12: Politics and Power

When a civil society prepares for war, this preparation includes production of weapons and the glorification of war. What is this process called?

Michelle organizes a protest at her university, telling her peers that they have the power to challenge values and structures of power. What is Michelle referring to?

Compare and contrast the concepts of the band, the tribe, and the chiefdom. What are the advantages of each?

A local nongovernmental organization (NGO) that challenges state policies and uneven development and advocates resources and opportunities for members of its local communities is known as what?

When Marta was growing up, her parents, religious leaders, school lessons, favorite books, and television shows all taught her that good people who work hard get what they deserve. As an adult, she is a woman who says that lazy people are taking advantage of the nation's hard workers. This is an example of:

The Maasai, a semi-nomadic group who live outside the direct control of the government of Tanzania, have had to form their own nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that partner with international organizations to achieve goals that their state government neglected, such as creating reliable access to clean water and protecting land rights. Today they might be known as what kind of group?

Anthropologist Carolyn Nordstrom works in war zones to describe the real and messy experiences of war. In her account, an individual health-care provider in Mozambique, targeted by the military forces that terrorized local villages, managed to hide and survive until they had moved through the area. The provider then worked to help others. How does this case directly challenge the long legacy of Western philosophers who argue that human nature is innately violent?

The dominance of the state over people's lives is never absolute. How do groups use their agency to contest power relationships, structures, and cultural norms? Give two examples of groups that exercised their political agency and the strategies they used.

In the modern world, the state is typically considered the ultimate authority in any particular territory. Despite this illusory ideal, what does the author note is true about the state?

Members of the civil rights movement held protests, sit-ins, and marches to oppose inequality. Their actions eventually resulted in the Civil Rights Act, which eliminated much of the legal inequality in the country. What is this an example of?

Although the Nazi regime did use violence, it also used films, newspapers, radio programs, textbooks, and even youth groups and comic books aimed at children, to influence much of the populace to cooperate with Nazi actions and programs, which they came to see as necessary and reasonable. What is this kind of consensus an example of?

Adolf Hitler glorified German domination while expanding the military and promoting paramilitary organizations such as the Hitler Youth. What is this an example of?

Collective group actions in response to uneven development, inequality, and injustice that seek to build institutional networks to transform cultural patterns and government policies are referred to as what kind of action?

A fraternity brother stole a valuable piece of jewelry during a sorority rush party. His brothers do not want to get in trouble, so they do not turn him over to the police or university. However, they cannot permit such a violation of their values and norms. Their solution is to submit the offender to their own tribunal and devise a fitting punishment that reassures the community. This is an example of:

Discuss the role egalitarianism has played in hunter-gatherer bands and, quite possibly, human evolution.

Power, the ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence is:

It has sometimes been suggested that violence is endemic to all primates. What have recent studies of other nonhuman primates revealed?

In the United States, we often celebrate the Fourth of July with colorful fireworks, parades, and various festivities. Fourth of July celebrations in the United States help to reinforce feelings of ________.

Even very powerful institutions do not completely dominate people's lives and thinking. Individuals and groups with relatively little power can contest powerful institutions, such as the state, because:

Small, kin-based groups that hunt and gather over a particular territory and constantly break up and reform in response to conflicts are referred to as what?