Exam 14: Politics and Power

As Adolf Hitler began to prepare Germany for the domination of Europe and World War II, he began building a huge military and promoting paramilitary organizations such as the Hitler Youth. At the same time, he worked to glorify Germany's history and military past, demonize minorities and enemies, and promote ideas of his "Third Reich," or empire. This is an example of:

The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence is referred to as:

The potential power of the individual to challenge structures of power is referred to as:

Modern states play a central role in shaping what happens in every part of the world today. Discuss the aspects of the state that make it the dominant form of political organization in the world today.

The author points out that people do not come prepackaged to fight, kill, and die. They must be enculturated to fear, hate, and kill in a process that defines particular people as the enemy and a dangerous mortal threat. He refers to this as:

Groups that were originally viewed as a culturally distinct multiband population that imagined itself as one people descended from a common ancestor, and are currently described as an indigenous group with its own set of loyalties and leaders living to some extent outside the control of a centralized authoritative state, are known as:

Discuss how alternative structures are used to circumvent state power, and provide an example to illustrate your points.

When the dominant group in a country develops a way of seeing the world by creating a set of beliefs about what is normal and appropriate that often subconsciously limits their life choices and chances but maintains the status quo in the society, this is known as:

An autonomous political unit composed of a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief is referred to as a:

To resist the power of state institutions, some societies make use of different systems to settle issues that might normally go to the state court system. These are known as:

The economically efficient strategy of cooperative gathering, coordinated hunting, and reciprocal sharing of resources while resisting hierarchy and domination sustained human beings through most of our existence and is referred to as:

In the United States, most Americans believe that jobs and status in society should be based on ability and achievement. It is considered inappropriate to gain high government office for being someone's wife, brother, or cousin. Hiring family members who may not be qualified for a position is known as nepotism and considered a serious abuse of power. This belief, which prevents Americans from favoring family members over other people who are more qualified, is an example of what concept?

Foragers move over a particular territory and form small, kin-based groups that are referred to as:

The question of how the state came into being, how it is established as an ultimate authority, and how each state is uniquely constructed and organized by people is the focus of:

An independent group of villages that operates under the centralized authority of a single ruling authority figure, the chief, is known as a:

The Occupy Wall Street movement was able to gain support by focusing on inequality with the motto "We are the 99 percent," and combining physical and virtual elements of their protest. This is an example of:

Multiband groups of indigenous people who live outside the control of a centralized state and see themselves as one people with their own sets of leaders and loyalties are referred to as:

In Egypt, people view the decisions of the official Egyptian Personal Status courts with great suspicion, and they often turn to the traditional Al Azhar Fatwa Council for guidance on important matters of daily life, even though their decisions are not legally binding. The Fatwa Council is an example of a(n):

Describe the concept of hegemony, what does it does, and how it works. Provide an example.

Hunting and gathering peoples developed a successful adaptation that promoted generosity, altruism, and sharing while resisting upstarts, aggression, and egoism. This is referred to as: