Exam 2: Culture

The uneven distribution of resources and privileges, often along lines of gender, racial or ethnic group, class, age, family, religion, sexuality, or legal status, is termed:

Which of the following individuals was among the earliest anthropologists who sought to organize vast quantities of data about the diversity of world cultures that were being accumulated via colonial and missionary enterprises?

Which group of scholars generally contends that who we are, how we think and behave, and how we organize our societies are a product of evolution and thus are hardwired in our DNA?

Which of the following is defined as the belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal, natural, or even superior to other cultures?

Which of the following processes is intensifying the exchange and diffusion of people, ideas, and goods worldwide, creating more interaction and engagement among cultures?

The process of diminishing the diversity of the world's cultures as a result of foreign influences inundating local practices, products, and ways of thinking is considered:

The concept of culture has been central to anthropology only since the 1870s, when ________crafted its first formal definition.

Humans learn culture from people and cultural institutions that surround them:

A global outlook that is emerging in response to increasing globalization and that involves linking cultural practices, norms, and values across great distances to even the most remote areas of the world is termed:

What is human agency and how does it relate to culture and power? Define human agency and provide examples of how individuals engage in it. Next, discuss how human agency may be used to challenge various aspects of culture and power, providing a minimum of two examples for each. What do you believe are some of the implications of human agency on culture and society in general?

According to Max Weber (1864-1920), thrift, modesty, moderation, frugality, and self-denial constitute which of the following?

Focusing on early anthropology, define the approaches of historical particularism and structural functionalism. Who developed these approaches and what do these approaches examine when working to learn about other cultures? How did these two approaches differ from the preceding approach of unilineal cultural evolution?

Which of the following is defined as fundamental ideas about what is important, what makes a good life, and what is true, right, and beautiful?

Which of the following is one of the four elements that an anthropologist considers in attempting to understand the complex workings of a culture?

The culture of consumerism in the United States and globally has intensified, especially during the last fifty years. What constitutes a culture of consumerism and how does it relate to the concept of culture more generally? What are three examples of how the culture of consumerism affects culture in general in the United States? Does it affect cultures worldwide, and if so, how?

Mental maps of reality constitute one of the four elements that anthropologists often consider when conducting cross-cultural research. Define mental maps of reality and discuss the two important functions that mental maps of reality play regarding culture. Provide a concrete example for each of the two functions. Conclude by discussing why anthropologists should consider a group of people's mental maps of reality when trying to understand their culture.

Culture is a system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and:

Chapter 2 begins with a brief vignette regarding the cultural misunderstanding surrounding a kiss. Describe an example of a cultural misunderstanding that you have experienced in your own life and discuss the ways in which differing cultural norms, values, symbols, and mental maps of reality likely contributed to the misunderstanding that occurred. Conclude by discussing whether you took action to address the misunderstanding and what knowledge may have helped you in determining the appropriate response.

The advertising industry is key in arousing human desires for goods and services, which engenders the culture of consumerism. How does the power of advertising compare to the power of hegemony in influencing what people consider to be the "norm" in their cultural experiences? Are there any interconnections between the culture of consumerism and political organization in society today? Is there any evidence that suggests that advertising is also used as a tool in politics to support and to institute hegemonic ideologies of certain groups who hold power within societies? Please provide concrete examples with each of your answers.

Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942) employed an early form of ________in his anthropological research conducted in the Trobriand Islands.