Question 1

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?​

Accepted Answer

A) Chemical messages from our muscles tell our brain how many neurons to form. 
B) ​If an axon does not make the appropriate connections by a certain age, it dies. 
C) ​We are born with all connections formed. 
D) Connections form rapidly, but we learn to use whatever connections have formed. 
A) Chemical messages from our muscles tell our brain how many neurons to form. 
B) ​If an axon does not make the appropriate connections by a certain age, it dies. 
C) ​We are born with all connections formed. 
D) Connections form rapidly, but we learn to use whatever connections have formed.

Question 3

Migration requires ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) a precise chemical environment 
B) ​cells which are myelinated 
C) ​mature neurons 
D) neurons with fully developed dendrites 
A) a precise chemical environment 
B) ​cells which are myelinated 
C) ​mature neurons 
D) neurons with fully developed dendrites

Question 4

Suppose that adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents in their preferences for a flavor of ice cream.Which statement is true in this circumstance?​

Accepted Answer

A) Heritability of this trait is high. 
B) ​Preferences for ice cream are determined solely by the environment. 
C) ​Flavors of ice cream are naturally selected. 
D) Heritability of this trait is low. 
A) Heritability of this trait is high. 
B) ​Preferences for ice cream are determined solely by the environment. 
C) ​Flavors of ice cream are naturally selected. 
D) Heritability of this trait is low.

Question 5

Which statement is TRUE with respect to evolution?​

Accepted Answer

A) "If you don't use it, you lose it." 
B) ​Evolutionary success is assessed by the number of one's offspring surviving to reproduce. 
C) ​Evolution benefits the species, in the long run. 
D) Evolution benefits the individual. 
A) "If you don't use it, you lose it." 
B) ​Evolutionary success is assessed by the number of one's offspring surviving to reproduce. 
C) ​Evolution benefits the species, in the long run. 
D) Evolution benefits the individual.

Question 6

Synaptogenesis is a process that begins before birth and continues throughout life.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

After learning strengthens one set of synapses,other synapses ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) weaken 
B) ​die 
C) ​get stronger 
D) become aroused 
A) weaken 
B) ​die 
C) ​get stronger 
D) become aroused

Question 8

In response to nervous system injury,neurotrophins ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) cause the neuron's death 
B) ​reduce inflammation due to this injury 
C) ​increase regrowth of damaged axons 
D) promote apoptosis 
A) cause the neuron's death 
B) ​reduce inflammation due to this injury 
C) ​increase regrowth of damaged axons 
D) promote apoptosis

Question 9

After maturity,the apoptotic mechanisms become:​

Accepted Answer

A) hyperactive 
B) ​extinct 
C) ​dormant 
D) very complex 
A) hyperactive 
B) ​extinct 
C) ​dormant 
D) very complex

Question 10

Ischemia is to ____ as hemorrhage is to ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) older individuals; younger individuals 
B) ​proximal; distal 
C) ​obstruction; rupture 
D) barely noticeable; lethal 
A) older individuals; younger individuals 
B) ​proximal; distal 
C) ​obstruction; rupture 
D) barely noticeable; lethal

Question 11

Which event is the most common cause of a stroke?​

Accepted Answer

A) lack of glucose 
B) ​ischemia from an obstruction of an artery 
C) ​hemorrhage of an artery 
D) blow to the head 
A) lack of glucose 
B) ​ischemia from an obstruction of an artery 
C) ​hemorrhage of an artery 
D) blow to the head

Question 12

Why do children with PKU develop intellectual disabilities?​

Accepted Answer

A) Unmetabolized amino acids accumulate and affect the brain. 
B) ​Essential axons lack myelin sheaths. 
C) ​Dendrites and synapses fail to form in associative areas of the cortex. 
D) Their immune systems do not fight off brain infections. 
A) Unmetabolized amino acids accumulate and affect the brain. 
B) ​Essential axons lack myelin sheaths. 
C) ​Dendrites and synapses fail to form in associative areas of the cortex. 
D) Their immune systems do not fight off brain infections.

Question 13

What is one impediment to the regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?​

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibitory chemicals secreted by the damaged portion of the axon 
B) ​Bacterial infections caused by the decaying tissue 
C) ​Glia releasing chemicals that inhibit axon growth 
D) Inhibitory messages sent from the cell nucleus when an axon is damaged 
A) Inhibitory chemicals secreted by the damaged portion of the axon 
B) ​Bacterial infections caused by the decaying tissue 
C) ​Glia releasing chemicals that inhibit axon growth 
D) Inhibitory messages sent from the cell nucleus when an axon is damaged

Question 14

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination,____ begin to form.​

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites 
B) ​axons 
C) ​nuclei 
D) ganglions 
A) dendrites 
B) ​axons 
C) ​nuclei 
D) ganglions

Question 15

The damaging effects of a stroke can be limited if treated within a short period of time.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which factor appears to be particularly important for branching of neurons during brain development?​

Accepted Answer

A) engaging in physical activity 
B) ​playing logic games 
C) ​having good teachers 
D) having a sterile environment 
A) engaging in physical activity 
B) ​playing logic games 
C) ​having good teachers 
D) having a sterile environment

Question 17

Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Proliferation is the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) production of new cells 
B) ​movement of primitive neurons and glia 
C) ​formation of dendrites and an axon 
D) insulation process that occurs on some axons 
A) production of new cells 
B) ​movement of primitive neurons and glia 
C) ​formation of dendrites and an axon 
D) insulation process that occurs on some axons

Question 19

Focal hand dystonia,sometimes called "musician's cramp",is caused by ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) extreme overlap of cortical representation of the fingers 
B) ​deterioration of muscles in the hand 
C) ​demyelination of neurons in the fingers 
D) buildup of excess GABA in the temporal cortex 
A) extreme overlap of cortical representation of the fingers 
B) ​deterioration of muscles in the hand 
C) ​demyelination of neurons in the fingers 
D) buildup of excess GABA in the temporal cortex

Question 20

The developing infant brain is highly resistant to damage.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth.

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?

Migration requires ____.

Suppose that adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents in their preferences for a flavor of ice cream.Which statement is true in this circumstance?

Which statement is TRUE with respect to evolution?

Synaptogenesis is a process that begins before birth and continues throughout life.

After learning strengthens one set of synapses,other synapses ____.

In response to nervous system injury,neurotrophins ____.

After maturity,the apoptotic mechanisms become:

Ischemia is to as hemorrhage is to .

Which event is the most common cause of a stroke?

Why do children with PKU develop intellectual disabilities?

What is one impediment to the regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination,____ begin to form.

The damaging effects of a stroke can be limited if treated within a short period of time.

Which factor appears to be particularly important for branching of neurons during brain development?

Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons.

Proliferation is the ____.

Focal hand dystonia,sometimes called "musician's cramp",is caused by ____.

The developing infant brain is highly resistant to damage.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 4: Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth.​

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?​

Migration requires ____.​

Suppose that adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents in their preferences for a flavor of ice cream.Which statement is true in this circumstance?​

Which statement is TRUE with respect to evolution?​

Synaptogenesis is a process that begins before birth and continues throughout life.​

After learning strengthens one set of synapses,other synapses ____.​

In response to nervous system injury,neurotrophins ____.​

After maturity,the apoptotic mechanisms become:​

Ischemia is to ____ as hemorrhage is to ____.​

Which event is the most common cause of a stroke?​

Why do children with PKU develop intellectual disabilities?​

What is one impediment to the regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?​

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination,____ begin to form.​

The damaging effects of a stroke can be limited if treated within a short period of time.​

Which factor appears to be particularly important for branching of neurons during brain development?​

Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons.​

Proliferation is the ____.​

Focal hand dystonia,sometimes called "musician's cramp",is caused by ____.​

The developing infant brain is highly resistant to damage.​

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete by the time of birth.

Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections?

Migration requires ____.

Suppose that adopted children are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents in their preferences for a flavor of ice cream.Which statement is true in this circumstance?

Which statement is TRUE with respect to evolution?

Synaptogenesis is a process that begins before birth and continues throughout life.

After learning strengthens one set of synapses,other synapses ____.

In response to nervous system injury,neurotrophins ____.

After maturity,the apoptotic mechanisms become:

Ischemia is to as hemorrhage is to .

Which event is the most common cause of a stroke?

Why do children with PKU develop intellectual disabilities?

What is one impediment to the regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination,____ begin to form.

The damaging effects of a stroke can be limited if treated within a short period of time.

Which factor appears to be particularly important for branching of neurons during brain development?

Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons.

Proliferation is the ____.

Focal hand dystonia,sometimes called "musician's cramp",is caused by ____.

The developing infant brain is highly resistant to damage.