Question 1

Describe the sequence of events that occurs in synaptic transmission.​

Accepted Answer

​The sequence of events involv

Question 2

Avoiding foods with lecithin,such as eggs and peanuts,would affect the levels of which neurotransmitter the most?​

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) ​serotonin 
C) ​GABA 
D) endorphin 
A) acetylcholine 
B) ​serotonin 
C) ​GABA 
D) endorphin

Question 3

Vesicles are located ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) in postsynaptic terminals 
B) ​in dendrites 
C) ​in presynaptic terminals 
D) outside of the neuron in the extracellular fluid 
A) in postsynaptic terminals 
B) ​in dendrites 
C) ​in presynaptic terminals 
D) outside of the neuron in the extracellular fluid

Question 4

Simultaneous weak stimuli at different locations produce a greater reflexive response than one of the stimuli by itself.What is this phenomenon called?​

Accepted Answer

A) Sherrington's law 
B) ​temporal summation 
C) ​spatial summation 
D) the all-or-none law 
A) Sherrington's law 
B) ​temporal summation 
C) ​spatial summation 
D) the all-or-none law

Question 5

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) inactivation 
B) ​reuptake by the presynaptic neuron 
C) ​diffusion 
D) reuptake by the postsynaptic neuron 
A) inactivation 
B) ​reuptake by the presynaptic neuron 
C) ​diffusion 
D) reuptake by the postsynaptic neuron

Question 6

A drug that inhibits the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase will have the effect of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) prolonging the action of acetylcholine at its synapses 
B) ​decreasing the duration of action of acetylcholine at its synapses 
C) ​decreasing the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell 
D) increasing the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell 
A) prolonging the action of acetylcholine at its synapses 
B) ​decreasing the duration of action of acetylcholine at its synapses 
C) ​decreasing the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell 
D) increasing the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell

Question 7

Which category of chemicals includes adenosine and several of its derivatives?​

Accepted Answer

A) neuropeptides 
B) ​acetylcholine 
C) ​monoamines 
D) purines 
A) neuropeptides 
B) ​acetylcholine 
C) ​monoamines 
D) purines

Question 8

Receptor molecules for neurotransmitters that exert metabotropic effects are proteins that bind to ____ outside the membrane,and attach to ____ inside the membrane.​

Accepted Answer

A) calcium; potassium 
B) ​neurotransmitters; nicotine 
C) ​neurotransmitters; G-proteins 
D) adenosine; nitric oxide 
A) calcium; potassium 
B) ​neurotransmitters; nicotine 
C) ​neurotransmitters; G-proteins 
D) adenosine; nitric oxide

Question 9

A normal,healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same time.Why not?​

Accepted Answer

A) When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go to the other. 
B) ​Both muscles are mechanically connected in a way that makes it impossible for both to contract at the same time. 
C) ​Such coordination is learned through prenatal movement. 
D) Both muscles are controlled by branches of the same axon. 
A) When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go to the other. 
B) ​Both muscles are mechanically connected in a way that makes it impossible for both to contract at the same time. 
C) ​Such coordination is learned through prenatal movement. 
D) Both muscles are controlled by branches of the same axon.

Question 10

Hormones exert their effects ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) similarly to metabotropic neurotransmitters 
B) ​similarly to ionotropic neurotransmitters 
C) ​by attaching to special receptors on muscle fibers 
D) by being metabolized and converted via presynaptic cells 
A) similarly to metabotropic neurotransmitters 
B) ​similarly to ionotropic neurotransmitters 
C) ​by attaching to special receptors on muscle fibers 
D) by being metabolized and converted via presynaptic cells

Question 11

What is the proper ordering of a reflex arc?​

Accepted Answer

A) motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron. 
B) ​sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron. 
C) ​motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron. 
D) sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron. 
A) motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron. 
B) ​sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron. 
C) ​motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron. 
D) sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron.

Question 12

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) secreted by a gland to the outside world 
B) ​conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences 
C) ​capable of activating or inhibiting muscle fibers 
D) a feedback message from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron 
A) secreted by a gland to the outside world 
B) ​conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences 
C) ​capable of activating or inhibiting muscle fibers 
D) a feedback message from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron

Question 13

Even at rest,most neurons have periodic production of action potentials,known as the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous firing rate 
B) ​excitatory firing rate 
C) ​all-or-none law 
D) law of compensation 
A) spontaneous firing rate 
B) ​excitatory firing rate 
C) ​all-or-none law 
D) law of compensation

Question 14

Charles Sherrington would most likely agree with which statement about reflexes?​

Accepted Answer

A) The overall speed of conduction through a reflex arc is faster than conduction along an axon. 
B) ​Repeated stimuli occurring within a brief time can have a cumulative effect. 
C) ​Each neuron physically merges with the next one during a reflexive response. 
D) Excitatory synapses are more important than inhibitory synapses. 
A) The overall speed of conduction through a reflex arc is faster than conduction along an axon. 
B) ​Repeated stimuli occurring within a brief time can have a cumulative effect. 
C) ​Each neuron physically merges with the next one during a reflexive response. 
D) Excitatory synapses are more important than inhibitory synapses.

Question 15

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon,it evokes the release of neurotransmitters by opening ____ channels in the axon terminal.​

Accepted Answer

A) chloride 
B) ​bicarbonate 
C) ​calcium 
D) oxygen 
A) chloride 
B) ​bicarbonate 
C) ​calcium 
D) oxygen

Question 16

Sherrington found that repeated stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect.He referred to this phenomenon as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) temporal summation 
B) ​spatial summation 
C) ​synaptic summation 
D) saltatory summation 
A) temporal summation 
B) ​spatial summation 
C) ​synaptic summation 
D) saltatory summation

Question 17

A certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response,but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may produce such a response.What is this phenomenon called?​

Accepted Answer

A) spatial summation 
B) ​temporal summation 
C) ​saltatory conduction 
D) synaptic combination 
A) spatial summation 
B) ​temporal summation 
C) ​saltatory conduction 
D) synaptic combination

Question 18

Briefly describe spatial summation.​

Accepted Answer

Sherrington found that synapses have the

Question 19

COMT and MAO are ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes that convert catecholamines into inactive chemicals 
B) ​enzymes that make catecholamines 
C) ​neurotransmitters in the same group as serotonin 
D) the inactive fragments of catecholamines 
A) enzymes that convert catecholamines into inactive chemicals 
B) ​enzymes that make catecholamines 
C) ​neurotransmitters in the same group as serotonin 
D) the inactive fragments of catecholamines

Question 20

The catecholamines include ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin 
B) ​epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine 
C) ​dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine 
D) epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine 
A) epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin 
B) ​epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine 
C) ​dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine 
D) epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Describe the sequence of events that occurs in synaptic transmission.

Avoiding foods with lecithin,such as eggs and peanuts,would affect the levels of which neurotransmitter the most?

Vesicles are located ____.

Simultaneous weak stimuli at different locations produce a greater reflexive response than one of the stimuli by itself.What is this phenomenon called?

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is ____.

A drug that inhibits the action of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase will have the effect of ____.

Which category of chemicals includes adenosine and several of its derivatives?

Receptor molecules for neurotransmitters that exert metabotropic effects are proteins that bind to outside the membrane,and attach to inside the membrane.

A normal,healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor muscles of the same leg at the same time.Why not?

Hormones exert their effects ____.

What is the proper ordering of a reflex arc?

A hormone is a chemical that is ____.

Even at rest,most neurons have periodic production of action potentials,known as the ____.

Charles Sherrington would most likely agree with which statement about reflexes?

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon,it evokes the release of neurotransmitters by opening ____ channels in the axon terminal.

Sherrington found that repeated stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect.He referred to this phenomenon as ____.

A certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response,but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may produce such a response.What is this phenomenon called?

Briefly describe spatial summation.

COMT and MAO are ____.

The catecholamines include ____.

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy and Research Methods

Genetics, evolution, development, and Plasticity

Vision

Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Psychological Disorders

Appendix A: Brief, basic Chemistry

Filters

Exam 2: Synapses