Exam 16: Civil Rights: the Struggle for Political Equality

________ programs are designed to rectify past wrongs.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution reversed the Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) decision?

Among the numerous devices used to limit the Fifteenth Amendment's voting guarantees was the poll tax.

In 1848, ________ helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention on women's rights.

Under what type of scrutiny does the Supreme Court examine racial discrimination?

Which of the following eventually pushed the Court, the president, and Congress to take the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment seriously?

Gender discrimination is protected at a level of strict scrutiny.

The court case of Dred Scott v. Sanford involved

The phrase __________ is often used interchangeably with civil rights.

Judicial support to the gradual advance of civil rights guarantees for African Americans and other minorities was based primarily on the ________ Amendment.

What do the Constitution and the Bill of Rights say about equality?

The great breakthrough for racial equality in America came with the ________ decision, when a unanimous Court declared that "separate but equal" was inherently contradictory, and segregation was constitutionally unacceptable in public schools.

Which of the following cases held that Congress could only restrict discrimination by state governments, not by private action.

The courts have begun to strike down hiring practices based on age unless a compelling reason for such age requirements can be demonstrated

Public opinion has had little impact on affirmative action.

Americans in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries seemed more interested in protecting individuals against government than in guaranteeing political ________ through government.

A tax to be paid as a condition of voting is called a(n)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an important organizer in the women's movement of the 1960s.

The Supreme Court upheld a state's law against sodomy in Bowers v. Hardwick (1986).

Jim Crow segregation in the South would remain in force until it was overturned in Brown v. Board of Education over half a century later.