Question 1

A researcher uses a manipulated independent variable in her experiment. This means she

Accepted Answer

A)  conducts her research in a laboratory. 
B)  uses comparison groups. 
C)  makes her prediction before conducting the study. 
D)  randomly assigns participants to conditions. 
A)  conducts her research in a laboratory. 
B)  uses comparison groups. 
C)  makes her prediction before conducting the study. 
D)  randomly assigns participants to conditions.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is correct about hypothetical constructs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are useful inventions by researchers that have no physical reality. 
B)  They are easier to measure than personality variables. 
C)  They cannot be measured with personality tests. 
D)  They have poor reliability and validity. 
A)  They are useful inventions by researchers that have no physical reality. 
B)  They are easier to measure than personality variables. 
C)  They cannot be measured with personality tests. 
D)  They have poor reliability and validity.

Question 3

A researcher divides participants into those who suffer from insomnia and those who sleep well. He compares the two groups on the number of hours each spends at leisure activities in an average week. He finds the insomniacs spend significantly fewer hours at such activities than do the participants who sleep well. In this example, the number of hours spent at leisure activities is

Accepted Answer

A)  the independent variable. 
B)  the dependent variable. 
C)  confounded with which group the participant is in. 
D)  the hypothesis. 
A)  the independent variable. 
B)  the dependent variable. 
C)  confounded with which group the participant is in. 
D)  the hypothesis.

Question 4

You are studying the immediate effects of alcohol on people's feelings of well-being. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Score on a measure of well-being 
B)  Amount of alcohol consumed within one hour prior to test 
C)  Level of alcohol in the blood 
D)  Either b or c 
A)  Score on a measure of well-being 
B)  Amount of alcohol consumed within one hour prior to test 
C)  Level of alcohol in the blood 
D)  Either b or c

Question 5

A test is said to have high internal consistency when it yields similar scores each time it is administered to the same people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is correct about the case study method?

Accepted Answer

A)  It should only be used when a large number of participants cannot be examined. 
B)  It has been used almost exclusively by psychologists from the psychoanalytic perspective. 
C)  It is used only to generate hypotheses and illustrate treatments. 
D)  Sometimes it is more appropriate than conducting an experiment. 
A)  It should only be used when a large number of participants cannot be examined. 
B)  It has been used almost exclusively by psychologists from the psychoanalytic perspective. 
C)  It is used only to generate hypotheses and illustrate treatments. 
D)  Sometimes it is more appropriate than conducting an experiment.

Question 7

State in general terms a psychological theory you know about. From the theory, develop a hypothesis of your own that is a prediction from the theory. Identify the independent and dependent variables in your hypothesis and briefly describe an experimental test you could use to evaluate your hypothesis. Does your study use manipulated or nonmanipulated independent variables?

Accepted Answer

One psychological theory that I am famil

Question 8

Personality researchers take steps to discover the nature of personality in which order?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generate hypotheses, evaluate data, speculate 
B)  Generate hypotheses, collect data, evaluate data 
C)  Collect data, evaluate data, speculate 
D)  Speculate, collect data, generate hypotheses 
A)  Generate hypotheses, evaluate data, speculate 
B)  Generate hypotheses, collect data, evaluate data 
C)  Collect data, evaluate data, speculate 
D)  Speculate, collect data, generate hypotheses

Question 9

Some researchers try to understand personality with in-depth evaluations of individuals or groups of people. This approach is better known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the hypothesis-testing method. 
B)  the experimental approach. 
C)  the correlation coefficient. 
D)  the case study method. 
A)  the hypothesis-testing method. 
B)  the experimental approach. 
C)  the correlation coefficient. 
D)  the case study method.

Question 10

A test is said to have good validity if there is good evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  all the test items are measuring the same thing. 
B)  it has been used previously by many different researchers. 
C)  test scores are relatively stable over time. 
D)  the test measures what it was designed to measure. 
A)  all the test items are measuring the same thing. 
B)  it has been used previously by many different researchers. 
C)  test scores are relatively stable over time. 
D)  the test measures what it was designed to measure.

Question 11

Which of the following is not true about a good theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses as few concepts as necessary to explain a phenomenon. 
B)  It can generate many testable hypotheses. 
C)  It is never proved or disproved. 
D)  All experts agree it is correct. 
A)  It uses as few concepts as necessary to explain a phenomenon. 
B)  It can generate many testable hypotheses. 
C)  It is never proved or disproved. 
D)  All experts agree it is correct.

Question 12

Case studies have played a minor role in the history of personality psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Give three reasons why statistically significant findings for a hypothesis may be, in reality, due to chance.

Accepted Answer

1. Sampling error: Even with a large sam

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  They provide only a part of the picture of human personality. 
B)  They support the expert's viewpoint. 
C)  Theories are predicted from one hypothesis or another. 
D)  They are directly tested using empirical methods. 
A)  They provide only a part of the picture of human personality. 
B)  They support the expert's viewpoint. 
C)  Theories are predicted from one hypothesis or another. 
D)  They are directly tested using empirical methods.

Question 15

Which of the following describes the relationship between your credit card balance each month and the amount of interest you are paying (not interest rate)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A perfect negative correlation 
B)  A weak negative correlation 
C)  No correlation 
D)  A strong positive correlation 
A)  A perfect negative correlation 
B)  A weak negative correlation 
C)  No correlation 
D)  A strong positive correlation

Question 16

A test maker wants to make sure her new measure of social anxiety appears to be measuring the construct. The test maker is interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  face validity. 
B)  congruent validity. 
C)  discriminant validity. 
D)  behavioral validation. 
A)  face validity. 
B)  congruent validity. 
C)  discriminant validity. 
D)  behavioral validation.

Question 17

Which of the following does a correlation coefficient not tell us?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the difference between two means reflects a real difference or can be attributed to chance fluctuation. 
B)  The strength of a relationship between two measures. 
C)  The direction of a relationship between two measures. 
D)  How well a score on one measure can be predicted by a score on another. 
A)  If the difference between two means reflects a real difference or can be attributed to chance fluctuation. 
B)  The strength of a relationship between two measures. 
C)  The direction of a relationship between two measures. 
D)  How well a score on one measure can be predicted by a score on another.

Question 18

If the difference in a measured behavior is so small between experimental groups that it could be caused by a chance fluctuation, then we say

Accepted Answer

A)  the result failed to reach statistical significance. 
B)  the result reached statistical significance. 
C)  the result was reliable between groups. 
D)  the result established a cause-and-effect relationship. 
A)  the result failed to reach statistical significance. 
B)  the result reached statistical significance. 
C)  the result was reliable between groups. 
D)  the result established a cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 19

Which of the following is a problem of test validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  When test responses are depend on recent events. 
B)  When test questions are vague. 
C)  When test responses do not reflect the hypothetical constructs being measured. 
D)  When similar test responses cannot be obtained in a second testing. 
A)  When test responses are depend on recent events. 
B)  When test questions are vague. 
C)  When test responses do not reflect the hypothetical constructs being measured. 
D)  When similar test responses cannot be obtained in a second testing.

Question 20

A researcher finds that men make more errors on a memory task than do women. After conducting the appropriate statistical test on this difference, he finds a probability level of less than .05. The researcher will probably conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  the difference represents a chance fluctuation. 
B)  the difference is statistically significant. 
C)  if he conducts the study again, there is a high probability that no difference would be found or that women would make more errors. 
D)  there is only a five in 100 chance that his finding represents a real difference between men and women. 
A)  the difference represents a chance fluctuation. 
B)  the difference is statistically significant. 
C)  if he conducts the study again, there is a high probability that no difference would be found or that women would make more errors. 
D)  there is only a five in 100 chance that his finding represents a real difference between men and women.

A researcher uses a manipulated independent variable in her experiment. This means she

Which of the following statements is correct about hypothetical constructs?

You are studying the immediate effects of alcohol on people's feelings of well-being. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this study?

A test is said to have high internal consistency when it yields similar scores each time it is administered to the same people.

Which of the following is correct about the case study method?

Personality researchers take steps to discover the nature of personality in which order?

Some researchers try to understand personality with in-depth evaluations of individuals or groups of people. This approach is better known as

A test is said to have good validity if there is good evidence that

Which of the following is not true about a good theory?

Case studies have played a minor role in the history of personality psychology.

Give three reasons why statistically significant findings for a hypothesis may be, in reality, due to chance.

Which of the following statements is true about theories of personality?

Which of the following describes the relationship between your credit card balance each month and the amount of interest you are paying (not interest rate)?

A test maker wants to make sure her new measure of social anxiety appears to be measuring the construct. The test maker is interested in

Which of the following does a correlation coefficient not tell us?

If the difference in a measured behavior is so small between experimental groups that it could be caused by a chance fluctuation, then we say

Which of the following is a problem of test validity?

A researcher finds that men make more errors on a memory task than do women. After conducting the appropriate statistical test on this difference, he finds a probability level of less than .05. The researcher will probably conclude that

What Is Personality

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

General Questions

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Exam 2: Personality Research Methods

A researcher uses a manipulated independent variable in her experiment. This means she

Which of the following statements is correct about hypothetical constructs?

You are studying the immediate effects of alcohol on people's feelings of well-being. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this study?

A test is said to have high internal consistency when it yields similar scores each time it is administered to the same people.

Which of the following is correct about the case study method?

Personality researchers take steps to discover the nature of personality in which order?

Some researchers try to understand personality with in-depth evaluations of individuals or groups of people. This approach is better known as

A test is said to have good validity if there is good evidence that

Which of the following is not true about a good theory?

Case studies have played a minor role in the history of personality psychology.

Give three reasons why statistically significant findings for a hypothesis may be, in reality, due to chance.

Which of the following statements is true about theories of personality?

Which of the following describes the relationship between your credit card balance each month and the amount of interest you are paying (not interest rate)?

A test maker wants to make sure her new measure of social anxiety appears to be measuring the construct. The test maker is interested in

Which of the following does a correlation coefficient not tell us?

If the difference in a measured behavior is so small between experimental groups that it could be caused by a chance fluctuation, then we say

Which of the following is a problem of test validity?

A researcher finds that men make more errors on a memory task than do women. After conducting the appropriate statistical test on this difference, he finds a probability level of less than .05. The researcher will probably conclude that

What Is Personality

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

General Questions

Filters