Question 1

Baruch Spinoza argued for a mind-body position known as

Accepted Answer

A) psychophysical parallelism. 
B) materialism. 
C) double-aspect monism. 
D) interactionism. 
A) psychophysical parallelism. 
B) materialism. 
C) double-aspect monism. 
D) interactionism.

Question 2

The most important building block in the Cartesian method is

Accepted Answer

A) the discovery of clear and distinct ideas or ideas that are immune to doubt 
B) to throw out theories and begin with the facts 
C) to place experimental results always in highest priority 
D) to state all conclusions in terms of probabilities 
A) the discovery of clear and distinct ideas or ideas that are immune to doubt 
B) to throw out theories and begin with the facts 
C) to place experimental results always in highest priority 
D) to state all conclusions in terms of probabilities

Question 3

According to Herbart, the central goal of education should be

Accepted Answer

A) mastery of technical concepts 
B) mastery of reading, writing, and arithmetic 
C) moral development 
D) to instill common sense in students 
A) mastery of technical concepts 
B) mastery of reading, writing, and arithmetic 
C) moral development 
D) to instill common sense in students

Question 4

If we develop a hatred for something that was once loved, our hatred may be greater than if we had never loved the thing in the first place. Spinoza argued that the greater hatred in such cases is fueled by

Accepted Answer

A) the selfish nature of the original love 
B) jealousy that the loved object might someday be possessed by another 
C) sorrow over the loss of love 
D) clear-cut psychopathology 
A) the selfish nature of the original love 
B) jealousy that the loved object might someday be possessed by another 
C) sorrow over the loss of love 
D) clear-cut psychopathology

Question 5

Rationalism is to empiricism as ___ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) deduction . . . induction 
B) induction . . . deduction 
C) a posteriori knowledge . . . a priori knowledge 
D) passive mind . . . active mind 
A) deduction . . . induction 
B) induction . . . deduction 
C) a posteriori knowledge . . . a priori knowledge 
D) passive mind . . . active mind

Question 6

Herbart believed that a major goal of education should be to

Accepted Answer

A) build what he called the apperceptive mass 
B) focus on drills in order to instill discipline 
C) emphasize pure science and pure knowledge and deemphasize practical applications 
D) focus always on concrete facts 
A) build what he called the apperceptive mass 
B) focus on drills in order to instill discipline 
C) emphasize pure science and pure knowledge and deemphasize practical applications 
D) focus always on concrete facts

Question 7

According to Immanuel Kant, the so-called categories of understanding

Accepted Answer

A) are always products of learning 
B) are ordering principles such as intuition of time and causality 
C) are dependent upon cultural influence 
D) are products of formal logic 
A) are always products of learning 
B) are ordering principles such as intuition of time and causality 
C) are dependent upon cultural influence 
D) are products of formal logic

Question 8

According to Herbart, humans are unique from the rest of the animal kingdom because they possess

Accepted Answer

A) apperception 
B) mathematics 
C) language 
D) souls 
A) apperception 
B) mathematics 
C) language 
D) souls

Question 9

Christin von Wolff was one of the first to use the term psychology in a major publication. In 1732 he wrote a book called Empirical Psychology and in 1734 he published Rational Psychology. He believed that

Accepted Answer

A) empirical psychology clearly occupies a more important place in the scheme of things than rational psychology 
B) rational psychology is clearly superior to empirical psychology 
C) once we collect enough data we can do away with rational psychology 
D) the two psychologies are co-equal partners 
A) empirical psychology clearly occupies a more important place in the scheme of things than rational psychology 
B) rational psychology is clearly superior to empirical psychology 
C) once we collect enough data we can do away with rational psychology 
D) the two psychologies are co-equal partners

Question 10

According to Kant, synthetic a priori truths are

Accepted Answer

A) informative about the world 
B) redundant or trivial 
C) uninformative in themselves but important in formal logic 
D) not necessary to the work of empirical science 
A) informative about the world 
B) redundant or trivial 
C) uninformative in themselves but important in formal logic 
D) not necessary to the work of empirical science

Question 11

The expression ""common sense"" as used by philosophers typically refers to

Accepted Answer

A) those beliefs accepted by the mass of people 
B) beliefs that derive out of a combination of sensory components 
C) unreflective or naïve opinions 
D) any deeply felt opposition to beliefs that are counterintuitive 
A) those beliefs accepted by the mass of people 
B) beliefs that derive out of a combination of sensory components 
C) unreflective or naïve opinions 
D) any deeply felt opposition to beliefs that are counterintuitive

Question 12

The mental realm is always parallel with the physical (neurophysiological) realm. Leibniz explained the perfect correspondence of the two realms in terms

Accepted Answer

A) of the harmony of the spheres 
B) of the idea that the mental realm is an epiphenomenon and thus not truly independent 
C) of their perfect coordination in the pineal gland 
D) of the creation of the universe such that there is a pre-established harmony of its individual parts 
A) of the harmony of the spheres 
B) of the idea that the mental realm is an epiphenomenon and thus not truly independent 
C) of their perfect coordination in the pineal gland 
D) of the creation of the universe such that there is a pre-established harmony of its individual parts

Question 13

""Nature never takes leaps."" This view that change follows a gradual and incremental developmental course led to a deemphasis on miracles. All change, from the healing of a broken bone, to the learning of a new skill follows lawful development patterns. This view, advocated by Leibniz, came to be known as

Accepted Answer

A) uniformitarianism 
B) unitarianism 
C) continuity theory 
D) punctuated equilibrium theory 
A) uniformitarianism 
B) unitarianism 
C) continuity theory 
D) punctuated equilibrium theory

Question 14

Descartes's philosophy of science was motivated partly by

Accepted Answer

A) his wish to challenge the skepticism of Montaigne 
B) his wish to repudiate every detail of Baconian empiricism 
C) his love of the inductive method and the hope it offered to the world 
D) his wish to expose the absurdities of belief in a priori knowledge 
A) his wish to challenge the skepticism of Montaigne 
B) his wish to repudiate every detail of Baconian empiricism 
C) his love of the inductive method and the hope it offered to the world 
D) his wish to expose the absurdities of belief in a priori knowledge

Question 15

According to Kant, truly moral actions will be based on our capacity to regard other people as

Accepted Answer

A) ends rather than means 
B) means rather than ends 
C) heteronomously determined 
D) products of conditioning 
A) ends rather than means 
B) means rather than ends 
C) heteronomously determined 
D) products of conditioning

Baruch Spinoza argued for a mind-body position known as

The most important building block in the Cartesian method is

According to Herbart, the central goal of education should be

If we develop a hatred for something that was once loved, our hatred may be greater than if we had never loved the thing in the first place. Spinoza argued that the greater hatred in such cases is fueled by

Rationalism is to empiricism as _ is to ___.

Herbart believed that a major goal of education should be to

According to Immanuel Kant, the so-called categories of understanding

According to Herbart, humans are unique from the rest of the animal kingdom because they possess

Christin von Wolff was one of the first to use the term psychology in a major publication. In 1732 he wrote a book called Empirical Psychology and in 1734 he published Rational Psychology. He believed that

According to Kant, synthetic a priori truths are

The expression ""common sense"" as used by philosophers typically refers to

The mental realm is always parallel with the physical (neurophysiological) realm. Leibniz explained the perfect correspondence of the two realms in terms

Descartes's philosophy of science was motivated partly by

According to Kant, truly moral actions will be based on our capacity to regard other people as

Critical Issues in Historical Studies

Philosophical Issues

Ancient Psychological Thought

The Roman Period and the Middle Ages

The Renaissance

Empiricism, Associationism, and Utilitarianism

Mechanization and Quantification

Naturalism and Humanitarian Reform

Psychophysics and the Formal Founding of Psychology

Developments After the Founding

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Gestalt Psychology

Psychoanalysis

Humanistic Psychologies

Beyond the Systems of Psychology

Prospects for the Twenty-First Century

Filters

Exam 7: Rationalism

Baruch Spinoza argued for a mind-body position known as

The most important building block in the Cartesian method is

According to Herbart, the central goal of education should be

If we develop a hatred for something that was once loved, our hatred may be greater than if we had never loved the thing in the first place. Spinoza argued that the greater hatred in such cases is fueled by

Rationalism is to empiricism as ___ is to _____.

Herbart believed that a major goal of education should be to

According to Immanuel Kant, the so-called categories of understanding

According to Herbart, humans are unique from the rest of the animal kingdom because they possess

Christin von Wolff was one of the first to use the term psychology in a major publication. In 1732 he wrote a book called Empirical Psychology and in 1734 he published Rational Psychology. He believed that

According to Kant, synthetic a priori truths are

The expression ""common sense"" as used by philosophers typically refers to

The mental realm is always parallel with the physical (neurophysiological) realm. Leibniz explained the perfect correspondence of the two realms in terms

Descartes's philosophy of science was motivated partly by

According to Kant, truly moral actions will be based on our capacity to regard other people as

Critical Issues in Historical Studies

Philosophical Issues

Ancient Psychological Thought

The Roman Period and the Middle Ages

The Renaissance

Empiricism, Associationism, and Utilitarianism

Mechanization and Quantification

Naturalism and Humanitarian Reform

Psychophysics and the Formal Founding of Psychology

Developments After the Founding

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Gestalt Psychology

Psychoanalysis

Humanistic Psychologies

Beyond the Systems of Psychology

Prospects for the Twenty-First Century

Filters

Rationalism is to empiricism as _ is to ___.