Question 1

Phobias are characterised by an abnormally high level of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Euphoria 
B)  Gloom 
C)  Elation 
D)  Fear 
E)  Misery 
A)  Euphoria 
B)  Gloom 
C)  Elation 
D)  Fear 
E)  Misery D

Question 2

Behavioural explanations for phobias suggest that these are learned when a phobic stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Very frightening 
B)  Associated with an aversive stimulus creating fear 
C)  Avoided because it causes fear 
D)  Avoided because that reduces fear 
E)  Experienced after fear 
A)  Very frightening 
B)  Associated with an aversive stimulus creating fear 
C)  Avoided because it causes fear 
D)  Avoided because that reduces fear 
E)  Experienced after fear B

Question 3

Cognitive therapy can work well but is criticised because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  None of these 
B)  All of these 
C)  Too little importance attached to the client's underlying problem 
D)  The assumption that there is an interpretive bias 
E)  Most clients already knowing their fear is unreasonable and excessive 
A)  None of these 
B)  All of these 
C)  Too little importance attached to the client's underlying problem 
D)  The assumption that there is an interpretive bias 
E)  Most clients already knowing their fear is unreasonable and excessive B

Question 4

Concordance rates support genetic causes for phobias if the rate for identical twins is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The same for adoptive and biological parents 
B)  Much less than for fraternal twins 
C)  The same as for fraternal twins 
D)  Greater for adoptive parents than biological parents 
E)  Much greater than for fraternal twins 
A)  The same for adoptive and biological parents 
B)  Much less than for fraternal twins 
C)  The same as for fraternal twins 
D)  Greater for adoptive parents than biological parents 
E)  Much greater than for fraternal twins

Question 5

Validity, in diagnostic testing, means the tests are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Measuring what is intended to be measured 
B)  The same for every phobia sufferer 
C)  Highly variable 
D)  Different when done by different psychologists 
E)  All of these 
A)  Measuring what is intended to be measured 
B)  The same for every phobia sufferer 
C)  Highly variable 
D)  Different when done by different psychologists 
E)  All of these

Question 6

Social explanations of phobias typically depend on retrospective data, which means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Less serious life events have occurred 
B)  Causality can be established 
C)  Serious life events occur a year before the phobia develops 
D)  More serious life events have occurred 
E)  Causality cannot be established 
A)  Less serious life events have occurred 
B)  Causality can be established 
C)  Serious life events occur a year before the phobia develops 
D)  More serious life events have occurred 
E)  Causality cannot be established

Question 7

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are supported by Seligman's concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Biological preparedness and laboratory studies 
B)  Learned helplessness and laboratory studies 
C)  Biological helplessness and laboratory studies 
D)  Learned preparedness and laboratory studies 
E)  Laboratory preparedness 
A)  Biological preparedness and laboratory studies 
B)  Learned helplessness and laboratory studies 
C)  Biological helplessness and laboratory studies 
D)  Learned preparedness and laboratory studies 
E)  Laboratory preparedness

Question 8

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are challenged by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor support for prepared phobias being harder to treat than non-prepared 
B)  Evolutionary explanations being conjecture and speculation 
C)  Poor support for specific phobias being biologically prepared 
D)  All of these 
E)  None of these 
A)  Poor support for prepared phobias being harder to treat than non-prepared 
B)  Evolutionary explanations being conjecture and speculation 
C)  Poor support for specific phobias being biologically prepared 
D)  All of these 
E)  None of these

Question 9

Cognitive theory suggests that phobias are the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Short-term interpretive biases 
B)  Short-term maladaptive thinking 
C)  Long-lasting interpretive biases 
D)  Social and genetic biases 
E)  Long-lasting learning 
A)  Short-term interpretive biases 
B)  Short-term maladaptive thinking 
C)  Long-lasting interpretive biases 
D)  Social and genetic biases 
E)  Long-lasting learning

Question 10

A fear hierarchy is a client's list of phobic stimuli from:

Accepted Answer

A)  The frightening to the terrifying 
B)  The smallest object or situation to the largest 
C)  The nearest to the furthest away 
D)  Written stimuli to real-life stimuli 
E)  The least frightening to the most frightening 
A)  The frightening to the terrifying 
B)  The smallest object or situation to the largest 
C)  The nearest to the furthest away 
D)  Written stimuli to real-life stimuli 
E)  The least frightening to the most frightening

Question 11

The explanation that internal predisposition plus external stress are both needed to trigger a phobia is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature-nurture model 
B)  Diathesis-stress model 
C)  General model 
D)  Bio-social model 
E)  Stress model 
A)  Nature-nurture model 
B)  Diathesis-stress model 
C)  General model 
D)  Bio-social model 
E)  Stress model

Question 12

Similarity in some phobias, making it harder to discriminate between them, is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Constancy 
B)  Cooperation 
C)  Coincidence 
D)  Conflict 
E)  Comorbidity 
A)  Constancy 
B)  Cooperation 
C)  Coincidence 
D)  Conflict 
E)  Comorbidity

Question 13

Biological explanations of phobias focusing on genetics compare concordance rates in twins, which are the percentage of:

Accepted Answer

A)  How many twins were raised apart 
B)  How many twin pairs are identical (MZ) 
C)  How many twin pairs are fraternal (DZ) 
D)  Both twins having the phobia 
E)  How many twins were raised together 
A)  How many twins were raised apart 
B)  How many twin pairs are identical (MZ) 
C)  How many twin pairs are fraternal (DZ) 
D)  Both twins having the phobia 
E)  How many twins were raised together

Question 14

Problems with biological therapy using drugs include:

Accepted Answer

A)  All of these 
B)  Treating symptoms rather than causes 
C)  Not being specific for one particular disorder but the same for several types of phobia 
D)  Having unwanted and unpleasant side-effects 
E)  None of these 
A)  All of these 
B)  Treating symptoms rather than causes 
C)  Not being specific for one particular disorder but the same for several types of phobia 
D)  Having unwanted and unpleasant side-effects 
E)  None of these

Question 15

Cognitive therapy is less successful with specific phobias than with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal phobias 
B)  Social phobias 
C)  Agoraphobia 
D)  Environmental phobias 
E)  Situational phobias 
A)  Animal phobias 
B)  Social phobias 
C)  Agoraphobia 
D)  Environmental phobias 
E)  Situational phobias

Question 16

Exposure therapy's high early drop-out rate is probably caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction of the phobic response 
B)  Habituation to the phobic stimulus 
C)  The high levels of anxiety involved in confronting the phobic stimulus 
D)  The simplicity of therapy 
E)  A dislike of the therapist 
A)  Extinction of the phobic response 
B)  Habituation to the phobic stimulus 
C)  The high levels of anxiety involved in confronting the phobic stimulus 
D)  The simplicity of therapy 
E)  A dislike of the therapist

Question 17

Reliability, in diagnostic testing, means the findings are:

Accepted Answer

A)  Different at different times 
B)  The same for every phobia sufferer 
C)  Highly variable 
D)  Accurate and consistent 
E)  Different when done by different psychologists 
A)  Different at different times 
B)  The same for every phobia sufferer 
C)  Highly variable 
D)  Accurate and consistent 
E)  Different when done by different psychologists

Question 18

Psychodynamic theory regards phobias as defence mechanisms against:

Accepted Answer

A)  The demands of the superego 
B)  The demands of the ego 
C)  Individual sexuality 
D)  The demands of the id 
E)  Repressed anger against same-sex parents 
A)  The demands of the superego 
B)  The demands of the ego 
C)  Individual sexuality 
D)  The demands of the id 
E)  Repressed anger against same-sex parents

Phobias are characterised by an abnormally high level of:

Behavioural explanations for phobias suggest that these are learned when a phobic stimulus is:

Cognitive therapy can work well but is criticised because of:

Concordance rates support genetic causes for phobias if the rate for identical twins is:

Validity, in diagnostic testing, means the tests are:

Social explanations of phobias typically depend on retrospective data, which means that:

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are supported by Seligman's concept of:

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are challenged by:

Cognitive theory suggests that phobias are the result of:

A fear hierarchy is a client's list of phobic stimuli from:

The explanation that internal predisposition plus external stress are both needed to trigger a phobia is called the:

Similarity in some phobias, making it harder to discriminate between them, is known as:

Biological explanations of phobias focusing on genetics compare concordance rates in twins, which are the percentage of:

Problems with biological therapy using drugs include:

Cognitive therapy is less successful with specific phobias than with:

Exposure therapy's high early drop-out rate is probably caused by:

Reliability, in diagnostic testing, means the findings are:

Psychodynamic theory regards phobias as defence mechanisms against:

Biological Rhythms and Sleep

Perception T

Relationships

Aggression

Eating Behaviour

Gender

Intelligence and Learning

Cognition and Development

Psychopathology: Schizophrenia

Psychopathology: Depression

Psychopathology: Anxiety Phobic Disorders

Psychology in Action: Media Psychology

Psychology in Action: the Psychology of Addictive Behaviour

Psychology in Action: Anomalistic Psychology

Psychological Research and Design

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Exam 12: Psychopathology: Anxiety Ocd

Phobias are characterised by an abnormally high level of:

Behavioural explanations for phobias suggest that these are learned when a phobic stimulus is:

Cognitive therapy can work well but is criticised because of:

Concordance rates support genetic causes for phobias if the rate for identical twins is:

Validity, in diagnostic testing, means the tests are:

Social explanations of phobias typically depend on retrospective data, which means that:

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are supported by Seligman's concept of:

Evolutionary explanations for phobias are challenged by:

Cognitive theory suggests that phobias are the result of:

A fear hierarchy is a client's list of phobic stimuli from:

The explanation that internal predisposition plus external stress are both needed to trigger a phobia is called the:

Similarity in some phobias, making it harder to discriminate between them, is known as:

Biological explanations of phobias focusing on genetics compare concordance rates in twins, which are the percentage of:

Problems with biological therapy using drugs include:

Cognitive therapy is less successful with specific phobias than with:

Exposure therapy's high early drop-out rate is probably caused by:

Reliability, in diagnostic testing, means the findings are:

Psychodynamic theory regards phobias as defence mechanisms against:

Biological Rhythms and Sleep

Perception T

Relationships

Aggression

Eating Behaviour

Gender

Intelligence and Learning

Cognition and Development

Psychopathology: Schizophrenia

Psychopathology: Depression

Psychopathology: Anxiety Phobic Disorders

Psychology in Action: Media Psychology

Psychology in Action: the Psychology of Addictive Behaviour

Psychology in Action: Anomalistic Psychology

Psychological Research and Design

Filters