Question 1

Evolutionary theory's explanation of gender role differences when choosing a mate is challenged by:

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of hindsight to support the theory 
B)  Important similarities between the sexes in Western cultures 
C)  Differences between collectivist and individualist cultures 
D)  The lack of empirical evidence for the theory 
E)  All of these 
A)  The use of hindsight to support the theory 
B)  Important similarities between the sexes in Western cultures 
C)  Differences between collectivist and individualist cultures 
D)  The lack of empirical evidence for the theory 
E)  All of these E

Question 2

The Bem's sex role inventory (BSRI) research has lower external/ecological validity because participants were:

Accepted Answer

A)  None of these 
B)  Students 
C)  A discreet age-group 
D)  A discreet intelligence group 
E)  All of these 
A)  None of these 
B)  Students 
C)  A discreet age-group 
D)  A discreet intelligence group 
E)  All of these E

Question 3

Androgynous young people are:

Accepted Answer

A)  All of these 
B)  Higher in self-esteem 
C)  More popular with their peers 
D)  Better adjusted than their peers 
E)  More flexible in their approach to situations 
A)  All of these 
B)  Higher in self-esteem 
C)  More popular with their peers 
D)  Better adjusted than their peers 
E)  More flexible in their approach to situations A

Question 4

Bem suggests that people cope better with life's challenges if they have:

Accepted Answer

A)  A balance of masculine and feminine characteristics 
B)  More masculine than feminine characteristics 
C)  More feminine than masculine characteristics 
D)  Only masculine characteristics 
E)  Only feminine characteristics 
A)  A balance of masculine and feminine characteristics 
B)  More masculine than feminine characteristics 
C)  More feminine than masculine characteristics 
D)  Only masculine characteristics 
E)  Only feminine characteristics

Question 5

Gender role stereotyping has been reinforced by the media, such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Books, television, and films but not magazines 
B)  Magazines, television, and films but not books 
C)  Books, magazines, television, and films 
D)  Books, magazines, television but not films 
E)  None of these 
A)  Books, television, and films but not magazines 
B)  Magazines, television, and films but not books 
C)  Books, magazines, television, and films 
D)  Books, magazines, television but not films 
E)  None of these

Question 6

Examination statistics show that girls do better academically than boys, and psychological research finds that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys are better at reasoning 
B)  Girls have higher IQs 
C)  Boys have higher IQs 
D)  Girls are better at reasoning 
E)  Both sexes are equally able 
A)  Boys are better at reasoning 
B)  Girls have higher IQs 
C)  Boys have higher IQs 
D)  Girls are better at reasoning 
E)  Both sexes are equally able

Question 7

Kohlberg suggests that children develop:

Accepted Answer

A)  Same-sex behaviour before a sense of gender identity 
B)  A sense of gender identity at the same time as same-sex behaviour 
C)  A sense of gender identity after imitating same-sex behaviour 
D)  A sense of gender identity and then imitate same-sex behaviour 
E)  Same-sex behaviour without a sense of gender identity 
A)  Same-sex behaviour before a sense of gender identity 
B)  A sense of gender identity at the same time as same-sex behaviour 
C)  A sense of gender identity after imitating same-sex behaviour 
D)  A sense of gender identity and then imitate same-sex behaviour 
E)  Same-sex behaviour without a sense of gender identity

Question 8

Cognitive gender development theories' weaknesses include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Under-emphasising the importance of social factors 
B)  Over-emphasising the individual child 
C)  Not explaining why gender role behaviour is weaker in girls than boys 
D)  All of these 
E)  None of these 
A)  Under-emphasising the importance of social factors 
B)  Over-emphasising the individual child 
C)  Not explaining why gender role behaviour is weaker in girls than boys 
D)  All of these 
E)  None of these

Question 9

Possible causes of gender dysphoria include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Maladaptive family conditions 
B)  Unusual brain development 
C)  Abnormal prenatal exposure to hormones 
D)  Parental mental health problems 
E)  All of these 
A)  Maladaptive family conditions 
B)  Unusual brain development 
C)  Abnormal prenatal exposure to hormones 
D)  Parental mental health problems 
E)  All of these

Question 10

Stereotypic gender-role behaviour is reinforced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  All of these 
B)  Older same-sex siblings 
C)  Parents 
D)  Socialisation in school 
E)  Peer group expectation and pressure 
A)  All of these 
B)  Older same-sex siblings 
C)  Parents 
D)  Socialisation in school 
E)  Peer group expectation and pressure

Question 11

By the age of 3 or 4 years children prefer:

Accepted Answer

A)  Both-sex friends and gender-appropriate toys 
B)  Same-sex friends and gender-appropriate toys 
C)  Both-sex friends and all toys 
D)  Same-sex friends and all toys 
E)  Any friends and all toys 
A)  Both-sex friends and gender-appropriate toys 
B)  Same-sex friends and gender-appropriate toys 
C)  Both-sex friends and all toys 
D)  Same-sex friends and all toys 
E)  Any friends and all toys

Question 12

Learning theory suggests that gender roles are learnt through:

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning and social learning 
B)  Classical and operant conditioning alone 
C)  Social learning alone 
D)  Classical and operant conditioning and social learning 
E)  Reward and punishment 
A)  Classical conditioning and social learning 
B)  Classical and operant conditioning alone 
C)  Social learning alone 
D)  Classical and operant conditioning and social learning 
E)  Reward and punishment

Question 13

Maccoby and Jacklin's (1974) research suggests that verbal ability is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Good in both boys and girls 
B)  Greater in boys than girls 
C)  Greater in girls than boys 
D)  Poor in both boys and girls 
E)  None of these 
A)  Good in both boys and girls 
B)  Greater in boys than girls 
C)  Greater in girls than boys 
D)  Poor in both boys and girls 
E)  None of these

Question 14

Psychological androgyny means:

Accepted Answer

A)  Having both masculine and feminine qualities 
B)  Having strongly masculine qualities 
C)  Having strongly feminine qualities 
D)  Having android qualities 
E)  Having no gender-linked qualities 
A)  Having both masculine and feminine qualities 
B)  Having strongly masculine qualities 
C)  Having strongly feminine qualities 
D)  Having android qualities 
E)  Having no gender-linked qualities

Question 15

Gender schema theory challenges Kohlberg by suggesting that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender schema emerge before gender consistency 
B)  Gender schema and gender consistency appear at the same time 
C)  Gender consistency emerges before gender schema 
D)  Gender schema emerge after gender consistency 
E)  Gender consistency is not affected by gender schema 
A)  Gender schema emerge before gender consistency 
B)  Gender schema and gender consistency appear at the same time 
C)  Gender consistency emerges before gender schema 
D)  Gender schema emerge after gender consistency 
E)  Gender consistency is not affected by gender schema

Question 16

Biological factors such as sex chromosomes and hormones are challenged as full explanations for the development of gender roles by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender role changes within a culture across time 
B)  None of these 
C)  Self-fulfilling prophesies about expected behaviour 
D)  Cross-cultural gender differences 
E)  All of these 
A)  Gender role changes within a culture across time 
B)  None of these 
C)  Self-fulfilling prophesies about expected behaviour 
D)  Cross-cultural gender differences 
E)  All of these

Question 17

More recent cross-cultural research into gender roles suggests that gender role behaviours are the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Complex interactions between social and cultural factors 
B)  Complex interactions between biological and social/cultural factors 
C)  Complex biological factors 
D)  Complex interactions between genetic and hormonal factors 
E)  Social learning on its own 
A)  Complex interactions between social and cultural factors 
B)  Complex interactions between biological and social/cultural factors 
C)  Complex biological factors 
D)  Complex interactions between genetic and hormonal factors 
E)  Social learning on its own

Question 18

Normal differentiation between the sexes in the foetus depends on:

Accepted Answer

A)  Presence or absence of male hormones 
B)  Presence of female and absence of male hormones 
C)  Presence of male and female hormones 
D)  None of these 
E)  Presence or absence of female hormones 
A)  Presence or absence of male hormones 
B)  Presence of female and absence of male hormones 
C)  Presence of male and female hormones 
D)  None of these 
E)  Presence or absence of female hormones

Question 19

Durkin (2007) challenges the concept that the media shapes gender roles because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Modern books and television are less gender stereotyped 
B)  Not everyone has access to the media 
C)  Gender stereotypes affect behaviour and even memory 
D)  Gender stereotyping is irrelevant 
E)  Other influences are more powerful 
A)  Modern books and television are less gender stereotyped 
B)  Not everyone has access to the media 
C)  Gender stereotypes affect behaviour and even memory 
D)  Gender stereotyping is irrelevant 
E)  Other influences are more powerful

Evolutionary theory's explanation of gender role differences when choosing a mate is challenged by:

The Bem's sex role inventory (BSRI) research has lower external/ecological validity because participants were:

Androgynous young people are:

Bem suggests that people cope better with life's challenges if they have:

Gender role stereotyping has been reinforced by the media, such as:

Examination statistics show that girls do better academically than boys, and psychological research finds that:

Kohlberg suggests that children develop:

Cognitive gender development theories' weaknesses include:

Possible causes of gender dysphoria include:

Stereotypic gender-role behaviour is reinforced by:

By the age of 3 or 4 years children prefer:

Learning theory suggests that gender roles are learnt through:

Maccoby and Jacklin's (1974) research suggests that verbal ability is:

Psychological androgyny means:

Gender schema theory challenges Kohlberg by suggesting that:

Biological factors such as sex chromosomes and hormones are challenged as full explanations for the development of gender roles by:

More recent cross-cultural research into gender roles suggests that gender role behaviours are the result of:

Normal differentiation between the sexes in the foetus depends on:

Durkin (2007) challenges the concept that the media shapes gender roles because:

Biological Rhythms and Sleep

Perception T

Relationships

Aggression

Eating Behaviour

Intelligence and Learning

Cognition and Development

Psychopathology: Schizophrenia

Psychopathology: Depression

Psychopathology: Anxiety Phobic Disorders

Psychopathology: Anxiety Ocd

Psychology in Action: Media Psychology

Psychology in Action: the Psychology of Addictive Behaviour

Psychology in Action: Anomalistic Psychology

Psychological Research and Design

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Exam 6: Gender

Evolutionary theory's explanation of gender role differences when choosing a mate is challenged by:

The Bem's sex role inventory (BSRI) research has lower external/ecological validity because participants were:

Androgynous young people are:

Bem suggests that people cope better with life's challenges if they have:

Gender role stereotyping has been reinforced by the media, such as:

Examination statistics show that girls do better academically than boys, and psychological research finds that:

Kohlberg suggests that children develop:

Cognitive gender development theories' weaknesses include:

Possible causes of gender dysphoria include:

Stereotypic gender-role behaviour is reinforced by:

By the age of 3 or 4 years children prefer:

Learning theory suggests that gender roles are learnt through:

Maccoby and Jacklin's (1974) research suggests that verbal ability is:

Psychological androgyny means:

Gender schema theory challenges Kohlberg by suggesting that:

Biological factors such as sex chromosomes and hormones are challenged as full explanations for the development of gender roles by:

More recent cross-cultural research into gender roles suggests that gender role behaviours are the result of:

Normal differentiation between the sexes in the foetus depends on:

Durkin (2007) challenges the concept that the media shapes gender roles because:

Biological Rhythms and Sleep

Perception T

Relationships

Aggression

Eating Behaviour

Intelligence and Learning

Cognition and Development

Psychopathology: Schizophrenia

Psychopathology: Depression

Psychopathology: Anxiety Phobic Disorders

Psychopathology: Anxiety Ocd

Psychology in Action: Media Psychology

Psychology in Action: the Psychology of Addictive Behaviour

Psychology in Action: Anomalistic Psychology

Psychological Research and Design

Filters