Exam 8: Economics of Hate
How does the United States Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (28 U.S.C. § 994 note Sec. 280003) relate to hate?
The 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (28 U.S.C. § 994 note Sec. 280003) created the requirement for increased federal penalties for hate crimes. The basis of the hate-motivated crimes included actual or perceived hatred of race, color, national origin, ethnicity, gender, or religion. The Hate Crime Sentencing Enhancement Act, originally a separate act, was added as an amendment to the 1994 Act. The Pattern and Practice statute (42 U.S.C. § 14141) is a provision of the Act of 1994 that prevents the use of excessive force, harassment, false arrest, coercive sexual conduct, or unlawful stops, searches, or arrests by law enforcement.
What are some of the possible costs to the perpetrator of a hate crime?
As noted earlier, the legal costs to the perpetuator of a hate-motivated crime depend upon national and international laws, law enforcement, and the actions of courts of law. A person who publically uses hate speech, harasses or bullies another person, or creates a hate-motivated picture may be incarcerated, fired from employment, kicked out of school, or prevented from entering some establishments or participating in some activities. In addition, the perpetrator may be shunned from society, lose relationships, or be personally attacked in retaliation. A person who commits a hate-motivated murder or a rape as a weapon of war may be prosecuted, have to sit before a war tribunal, and endanger family and friends due to retaliatory actions by the people against whom the murder or rape was committed. This means the costs of committing a hate crime can be financial, psychological, and physical.
What are some actions that show escalation of hate beyond internal and physical responses to a person?
Hate can escalate into words (spoken or written, private or public, self-ascribed or anonymous) or depictions (hand signals, body language, graffiti, or pictures).
Which United States federal department is in charge of work related to hate crimes?
What is employer discrimination and how does it affect wages paid by employers?
How can you use a graph of labor supply to show employee discrimination?
How can you use a graph of supply and demand to show customer discrimination?
How much of an incentive would need to be put in place to overcome an employer bias, an employee bias, or a customer bias?
Who are the four main decision makers involved in the economics of hate?
What countries were related to the first two international tribunals?
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