Exam 9: Aristotle Tragedy

Schopenhauer says, "From the fundamental aesthetical law we are speaking of, it is further to be explained why wax figures never produce an aesthetic effect, and therefore are not properly works of fine art, although it is just in them that the imitation of nature is able to reach its highest grade. For they leave nothing for the ..."

Thomasson tells us that "In short, if the ontological status of the referent were really left completely ontologically ______________, the term couldn't function as a standard work-name at all."

Schopenhauer says, "The cooperation of the beholder, which is referred to above, as demanded for the enjoyment of a work of art, depends partly upon the fact that every work of art can only produce its effect through the medium of the fancy; therefore it must excite this, and can never allow it to be left out of the play and remain inactive. This is a condition of the aesthetic effect, and therefore a fundamental law of all fine arts."

Thomasson tells us that "I have argued elsewhere that the ontological status of paintings, sculptures, symphonies and other familiar kinds of art is at bottom established stipulatively by the beliefs and practices of those who ground and reground the reference of the relevant sortal terms."

Aristotle says, "It is, moreover, evident from what has been said, that it is not the function of the poet to relate what has happened, but _______________, what is possible according to the law of probability or necessity."

According to Santayana, "Feelings are recognized by their ________________, and when we try to recall an emotion, we must do so by recalling the circumstances in which it occurred."

Thomasson tells us that "Showing how works of art of ontologically new kinds can be introduced is itself revealing, as it once again will give support to the general idea that such facts as there are about the ontological status of works of art are, at bottom, determined by specialists trained in aesthetic appreciation."

Santayana says, "But we-the minds that ask all questions and judge of the validity of all answers-we are not ourselves ____________ of this world in which we live. We sprang from it, and our relations in it determine all our instincts and satisfactions."

For Aristotle, "that in virtue of which we ascribe certain qualities to the agents" is called character.

Explain what Schopenhauer means when he says, "From the fundamental aesthetical law we are speaking of, it is further to be explained why wax figures never produce an aesthetic effect, and therefore are not properly works of fine art, although it is just in them that the imitation of nature is able to reach its highest grade. For they leave nothing for the imagination to do."

Thomasson tells us that "In short, if the ontological status of the referent were really left completely ontologically indeterminate, the term couldn't function as a standard work-name at all."

Thomasson tells us that "In cases like these, then, what we have is new ontological kinds of art created, but not new ontological kinds of thing simpliciter [in or by itself] being created. Instead, a familiar kind of entity (a computer game or program) is introduced as art."

Explain what Santayana means when he says, "Beauty exists for the same reason that the object which is beautiful exists, or the world in which that object lies, or we that look upon both. It is an experience: there is nothing more to say about it." Do you agree with Santayana? Explain your answer.

Schopenhauer says, "Every work of art accordingly really aims at showing us life and things as they are in vitro, but cannot be directly discerned by every one through the mist of objective and subjective contingencies."

According to Bergson, "The first point to which attention should be called is that the comic does not exist outside the pale of what is strictly esoteric. A landscape may be beautiful, charming and sublime, or insignificant and ugly; it will never be laughable."

Schopenhauer says, "From the fundamental aesthetical law we are speaking of, it is further to be explained why wax figures never produce an aesthetic effect, and therefore are not properly works of fine art, although it is just in them that the imitation of nature is able to reach its highest grade. For they leave nothing for the historian to interpret."

According to Santayana, "Beauty as we feel it is something indescribable: what it is or what it means can never be said."

Aristotle says, "Unity of plot does not, as some persons think, consist in the unity of the _______. For infinitely various are the incidents in one man's life which cannot be reduced to unity; and so, too, there are many actions of one man out of which we cannot make one action."

Thomasson tells us that "Perhaps more interestingly still, fixing what is and is not part of the work also determines __________ features: establishing how the work is to-be-displayed, to-be-conserved, and what is and is not to-be-considered relevant for interpretation and evaluation."

Schopenhauer says, "Thus all the other arts hold up to the questioner a perceptible image, and say, 'Look here, this is life.' Their answer, however correct it may be, will yet always afford merely a temporary, not a complete and final, satisfaction. For they always give merely a fragment, an example instead of the rule, not the whole, which can only be given in the universality of the ..."