Exam 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

What is a central defining characteristic of the basic emotions?

Imaginary friends are psychologically unhealthy and should be discouraged.

Several different factors may contribute to a child being more likely to behave in an altruistic manner. What is NOT one of these factors?

The formation of an attachment demonstrates the combined influence of the different facets of the biopsychosocial framework of human development.

Behavior that is driven by feelings of responsibility toward other people, such as helping and sharing, in which individuals do not benefit directly from their actions, is called empathy.

When two children share the same toys and play with them in the same way, working together to refine their chosen game, they are engaging in parallel play.

Play that is organized around a particular theme, with each child taking on a different role, is called ____ play.

Evidence supporting the idea that prosocial behavior may be genetically wired into human beings is supported by the fact that children as young as ____ months of age will try to comfort an adult when they perceive that the adult is hurt or upset.

Your authors suggest that several factors may explain gender roles and differences. They include biology, socialization, and a child's own efforts. Which word best encapsulates your author's view of the contributions of these three factors to such understanding?

Complex emotions differ from basic emotions in that complex emotions require some understanding of

As toddlers, girls tend to have smaller vocabularies than boys.

Giselle is three weeks old and during a diaper change she looks up at her mother and smiles. Her mother gets very excited and immediately tells her husband, Chin, what happened. Since Chin has read your textbook, he thinks to himself:

As an infant's growing cognitive and language skills allow them to act as true partners in an attachment relationship, they enter the 'true attachment' stage of attachment.

Your textbook presents three different types of play in which young children can engage. What is the correct chronological order in which you would expect each type of play to appear?

Boys' interactions with each other, which often involve one trying to emerge as a victorious leader by threatening or contradicting the others, would best be described as _______________ actions.

Research has consistently found that approximately ____ percent of American babies have secure attachment relationships.

Baby Hughie has singled out his mother as someone who is different from all others. When his mother takes him to a new place, Hughie is able to explore but looks back to his mother every once in a while for reassurance. He also cries when he is separated from his mother for more than a minute or two. According to Bowlby, Hughie is most likely in the ____ phase of attachment.

Research consistently finds that fathers and mothers treat their children differently based on the child's sex. Which statement accurately explains some of this variance?

Ainsworth created the ____, a research procedure used to test the different forms of attachment that may exist between a child and his/her caregiver.

Research has found that fathers are more likely than mothers to treat their sons and daughters differently based on the child's sex.