Exam 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth.

____ refers to the process of deliberately seeking environments that fit one's heredity.

_______________ refers to a birth complication in which umbilical blood flow is disrupted and the infant does not receive adequate oxygen.

Lucy is currently expecting her first child, and she is talking to her friend Dale, who does not have any children of his own. Dale knows very little about human development, and asks Lucy how the food she eats gets to the developing child. Lucy smiles and shakes her head, before saying,

Brad and Angelina take their daughter Anniston to the zoo, and are looking at a bunch of different animals. Anniston, who has recently been learning about human development, sees a ____ and says, "Mommy, Daddy! That looks just like a human embryo in its third week of development!"

Mel is at the obstetrician's office with his girlfriend Denise, who is pregnant with their child. They have just started the ninth week of the pregnancy, and the doctor explains to them that the unborn child's brain has developed distinct structures and is already beginning to regulate certain body functions. Based on what you know about prenatal development, you know that the period of the ____ has just begun.

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of pregnancy?

Which of the stages of labor is the briefest, and typically involves only a few "pushes" to expel the placenta?

The least invasive form of prenatal screening discussed in your textbook is the use of an ultrasound.

Of the three types of prenatal screenings discussed in the textbook, ________ requires the longest wait for results because the genetic material cannot be evaluated until enough cells have reproduced for analysis.

The idea that genotypes are not the only things that control traits reflects the fact that

Wendy is pregnant with her son, who will be named William. Wendy has been diagnosed with a specific illness which she knew she had prior to getting pregnant. Although there is no way to know for sure if the illness will harm William during his development, the most likely symptoms of any such harm would include damage to his central nervous system, his teeth, and his bones. From which of the following illnesses does Wendy suffer?

Genotype is to phenotype as

Sickle-cell disease is a direct result of teratogenic influences, including maternal malnutrition or tobacco use.

The key lesson learned by the fact that thalidomide showed no impact when tested on pregnant rats but led to birth defects in humans is that

In Germany in the 1950s, the effects of teratogens gained widespread attention when pregnant women who took ____ to help them sleep gave birth to babies with deformations of their heads, legs, hands, and/or fingers. Over 7,000 babies were harmed by this drug before it was removed from the market.

Born 39 weeks after conception, Sasha weighs in at just under two pounds. Given this information, Sasha is best defined as

A group of compounds that provides a specific set of biochemical instructions for development is a(n) _______________.

Kathleen and Alphonse are expecting their first child, and are having a pleasant conversation about the sex of the baby. Kathleen says, "Well, as long as all of the chromosomes are X, we'll be having a girl!" How can Alphonse best respond?

If a pregnant woman consumes more than limited amounts of _______________ on a regular basis, her child may be born with a lower birth weight and may have decreased muscle tone.

Which maternal characteristic is most strongly associated with giving birth to a baby with Down syndrome?