Exam 3: African Roots

The cranial anatomy of all the australopithecines is best characterized as:

The end of the Miocene is marked by the:

Australopithecus afarensis is so important because it:

Australopithecus afarensis fossils have been dated to the period:

We know that Ardiptithecus ramidus walked upright on the basis of its preserved:

In the history of the earth, extinction is:

What is so important about Ardipithecus ramidus? What's surprising about its morphology? What is its position in the evolution of the hominins?

What were the possible advantages of bipedalism for the first hominins? Discuss the hypotheses of "the upright provider," the upright scavenger," "the efficient walker," and "the long-distance runner."

The name given to the stone tool industry of Homo habilis is:

In their analysis of the biomechanics of human locomotion, Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman show that human beings are very well adapted for:

What were the first steps in hominin evolution? What happened? When did it happen?

Australopithecus robustus dates to about what time period:

Paleoanthropologist Tim White and his colleagues view Ardipithecus ramidus as representing:

The proliferation of a number of different hominin species after 3 million years ago may be a result of:

From the neck down, the anatomy of all australopithecine species is best characterized as:

Discuss australopithecine anatomy. In what ways was it ape-like? In what ways was it more modern (in the sense of more like a modern human)?

Between 16 million and 15 million years ago, ape species thrived because:

Based on an analysis of ancient hominin skeletons, the percentage of deaths that resulted from inter-species violence has been calculated to be about the same as seen in:

What seems to be the evolutionary pattern of the australopithecines; over time, what anatomical features seem to become emphasized?

In the photosynthesis pathway employed by most grasses, the uptake of the ¹³C isotope of carbon is: