Question 1

Whicb of the following reticent and passive peers is most likely to be accepted by his or her peers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gabrielle, a Caucasian-American girl 
B)  Katy, a Japanese-American girl 
C)  Andrew, a British boy 
D)  Yi Min, a Chinese boy 
A)  Gabrielle, a Caucasian-American girl 
B)  Katy, a Japanese-American girl 
C)  Andrew, a British boy 
D)  Yi Min, a Chinese boy

Question 2

To sit next to her mother at a restaurant, Diana pushes her little brother Mark out of the way. This is an example of __________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  hostile 
B)  physical 
C)  passive 
D)  relational 
A)  hostile 
B)  physical 
C)  passive 
D)  relational

Question 3

Twins Jillian and Wesley, 11 months old, play near each other with similar materials. However, they do not try to direct each other's activities. They are engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel play. 
B)  cooperative play. 
C)  associative play. 
D)  nonsocial activity. 
A)  parallel play. 
B)  cooperative play. 
C)  associative play. 
D)  nonsocial activity.

Question 4

__________ accounts for 18 percent of reported cases of child maltreatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neglect 
B)  Physical abuse 
C)  Sexual abuse 
D)  Emotional abuse 
A)  Neglect 
B)  Physical abuse 
C)  Sexual abuse 
D)  Emotional abuse

Question 5

While reading a picture book together, 3-year-old Susannah and her mother discuss the book. In response to her mother's question about who can be a pirate, Susannah replies, "Girls cannot be pirates. Only boys." Her mother is most likely to respond by

Accepted Answer

A)  explaining to Susannah that both boys and girls can be pirates. 
B)  refraining from labeling gender when it is unnecessary. 
C)  affirming her daughter's assertion and allowing her to gender stereotype. 
D)  substituting gendered references for generic expressions. 
A)  explaining to Susannah that both boys and girls can be pirates. 
B)  refraining from labeling gender when it is unnecessary. 
C)  affirming her daughter's assertion and allowing her to gender stereotype. 
D)  substituting gendered references for generic expressions.

Question 6

According to the cognitive-developmental theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  children's gendered behavior comes before self-perceptions. 
B)  preschoolers acquire gender constancy and use it to guide their behavior. 
C)  preschoolers first acquire gender-typed responses through modeling. 
D)  children organize behaviors into gender-linked ideas about themselves. 
A)  children's gendered behavior comes before self-perceptions. 
B)  preschoolers acquire gender constancy and use it to guide their behavior. 
C)  preschoolers first acquire gender-typed responses through modeling. 
D)  children organize behaviors into gender-linked ideas about themselves.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about inductive discipline is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Induction gives children information about how to behave that they can use in future situations. 
B)  Induction deemphasizes the impact of the child's actions on others. 
C)  Freud endorsed the use of induction after the superego had fully developed. 
D)  Children who consistently experience induction may form an insecure attachment to their caregivers. 
A)  Induction gives children information about how to behave that they can use in future situations. 
B)  Induction deemphasizes the impact of the child's actions on others. 
C)  Freud endorsed the use of induction after the superego had fully developed. 
D)  Children who consistently experience induction may form an insecure attachment to their caregivers.

Question 8

According to Erikson, once children have a sense of autonomy, they become

Accepted Answer

A)  filled with doubt and shame. 
B)  aware of their own psychological conflict. 
C)  less contrary than they were as toddlers. 
D)  unmotivated to perform unfamiliar tasks. 
A)  filled with doubt and shame. 
B)  aware of their own psychological conflict. 
C)  less contrary than they were as toddlers. 
D)  unmotivated to perform unfamiliar tasks.

Question 9

As Chandra pours herself some juice, she misses the cup and spills juice on the table. Her father chides her for being a bad girl and making a mess. Chandra is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  show moderate, adaptive levels of shame and pride. 
B)  experience self-conscious emotions intensely. 
C)  be more persistent on difficult tasks. 
D)  show decreased rates of shame as she grows older. 
A)  show moderate, adaptive levels of shame and pride. 
B)  experience self-conscious emotions intensely. 
C)  be more persistent on difficult tasks. 
D)  show decreased rates of shame as she grows older.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is supported by research on child abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single abusive personality type is a common thread among abusers. 
B)  Most parents who were abused as children become child abusers. 
C)  Fathers engage in neglect more often than mothers. 
D)  The majority of abusive parents are isolated from both formal and informal social supports. 
A)  A single abusive personality type is a common thread among abusers. 
B)  Most parents who were abused as children become child abusers. 
C)  Fathers engage in neglect more often than mothers. 
D)  The majority of abusive parents are isolated from both formal and informal social supports.

Question 11

Gender-schematic thinking is so powerful that when children see others behaving in "gender inconsistent" ways,

Accepted Answer

A)  they reject the individuals and exhibit aggression when confronted by the individuals. 
B)  they question their gender-stereotyped conceptions and become more open-minded. 
C)  they often distort their memory to make it "gender consistent." 
D)  it causes significant distress and endangers their emotional well-being. 
A)  they reject the individuals and exhibit aggression when confronted by the individuals. 
B)  they question their gender-stereotyped conceptions and become more open-minded. 
C)  they often distort their memory to make it "gender consistent." 
D)  it causes significant distress and endangers their emotional well-being.

Question 12

Which of the following disciplinary statements is the most likely to promote prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Pushing your sister is not okay." 
B)  "Your sister is crying because you pushed her and she fell down." 
C)  "You should be ashamed of yourself. Good girls do not push." 
D)  "Only bad girls push their sisters." 
A)  "Pushing your sister is not okay." 
B)  "Your sister is crying because you pushed her and she fell down." 
C)  "You should be ashamed of yourself. Good girls do not push." 
D)  "Only bad girls push their sisters."

Question 13

As children reach age 2, they

Accepted Answer

A)  often use language to evaluate their own and others' actions. 
B)  begin to engage in sociodramatic play. 
C)  often describe themselves in terms of typical emotions. 
D)  can correctly judge the causes of many basic emotions. 
A)  often use language to evaluate their own and others' actions. 
B)  begin to engage in sociodramatic play. 
C)  often describe themselves in terms of typical emotions. 
D)  can correctly judge the causes of many basic emotions.

Question 14

When practicing induction, warnings, disapproval, and commands are

Accepted Answer

A)  strictly forbidden. 
B)  sometimes necessary. 
C)  often inconducive to the inductive message. 
D)  poorly received by the child. 
A)  strictly forbidden. 
B)  sometimes necessary. 
C)  often inconducive to the inductive message. 
D)  poorly received by the child.

Question 15

In the sandbox, Amelia makes a pie while Franklin pours sand from one container to another. The children talk and pass tools back and forth. They are engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel play. 
B)  cooperative play. 
C)  associative play. 
D)  nonsocial activity. 
A)  parallel play. 
B)  cooperative play. 
C)  associative play. 
D)  nonsocial activity.

Question 16

Parents of impulsive children can foster conscience development by

Accepted Answer

A)  using requests, suggestions, and explanations. 
B)  combining firm correction of misbehavior with induction. 
C)  using gentle discipline that incorporates frequent rule reminders. 
D)  asserting their power whenever the opportunity presents itself. 
A)  using requests, suggestions, and explanations. 
B)  combining firm correction of misbehavior with induction. 
C)  using gentle discipline that incorporates frequent rule reminders. 
D)  asserting their power whenever the opportunity presents itself.

Question 17

Most theories agree that

Accepted Answer

A)  a child's morality is regulated by inner standards from birth. 
B)  truly moral individuals do the right thing to conform to others' expectations. 
C)  at first, a child's morality is externally controlled by adults. 
D)  conscience does not begin to take shape until age 7. 
A)  a child's morality is regulated by inner standards from birth. 
B)  truly moral individuals do the right thing to conform to others' expectations. 
C)  at first, a child's morality is externally controlled by adults. 
D)  conscience does not begin to take shape until age 7.

Question 18

When parents focus on showing their child how to improve performance, that child experiences

Accepted Answer

A)  less shame after failure. 
B)  less pride after success. 
C)  greater persistence on difficult tasks. 
D)  self-conscious emotions intensely. 
A)  less shame after failure. 
B)  less pride after success. 
C)  greater persistence on difficult tasks. 
D)  self-conscious emotions intensely.

Question 19

Research on friendships shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  preschoolers interact in essentially the same ways with both friends and nonfriends. 
B)  preschoolers give the same amount of reinforcement to nonfriends as to friends. 
C)  most friendships during the preschool years are based on mutual trust. 
D)  children who begin kindergarten with friends in their class adjust to school more favorably. 
A)  preschoolers interact in essentially the same ways with both friends and nonfriends. 
B)  preschoolers give the same amount of reinforcement to nonfriends as to friends. 
C)  most friendships during the preschool years are based on mutual trust. 
D)  children who begin kindergarten with friends in their class adjust to school more favorably.

Question 20

When Francine sees a dump truck in the sandbox, she wonders, "Do I like this toy?" She then decides to play with the truck. Francine

Accepted Answer

A)  is a gender-schematic child. 
B)  is using her gender-salience filter. 
C)  is a gender-aschematic child. 
D)  has well-developed gender schemas. 
A)  is a gender-schematic child. 
B)  is using her gender-salience filter. 
C)  is a gender-aschematic child. 
D)  has well-developed gender schemas.

Whicb of the following reticent and passive peers is most likely to be accepted by his or her peers?

To sit next to her mother at a restaurant, Diana pushes her little brother Mark out of the way. This is an example of __________ aggression.

Twins Jillian and Wesley, 11 months old, play near each other with similar materials. However, they do not try to direct each other's activities. They are engaged in

__________ accounts for 18 percent of reported cases of child maltreatment.

While reading a picture book together, 3-year-old Susannah and her mother discuss the book. In response to her mother's question about who can be a pirate, Susannah replies, "Girls cannot be pirates. Only boys." Her mother is most likely to respond by

According to the cognitive-developmental theory,

Which of the following statements about inductive discipline is true?

According to Erikson, once children have a sense of autonomy, they become

As Chandra pours herself some juice, she misses the cup and spills juice on the table. Her father chides her for being a bad girl and making a mess. Chandra is likely to

Which of the following statements is supported by research on child abuse?

Gender-schematic thinking is so powerful that when children see others behaving in "gender inconsistent" ways,

Which of the following disciplinary statements is the most likely to promote prosocial behavior?

As children reach age 2, they

When practicing induction, warnings, disapproval, and commands are

In the sandbox, Amelia makes a pie while Franklin pours sand from one container to another. The children talk and pass tools back and forth. They are engaged in

Parents of impulsive children can foster conscience development by

Most theories agree that

When parents focus on showing their child how to improve performance, that child experiences

Research on friendships shows that

When Francine sees a dump truck in the sandbox, she wonders, "Do I like this toy?" She then decides to play with the truck. Francine

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

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Exam 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Whicb of the following reticent and passive peers is most likely to be accepted by his or her peers?

To sit next to her mother at a restaurant, Diana pushes her little brother Mark out of the way. This is an example of __________ aggression.

Twins Jillian and Wesley, 11 months old, play near each other with similar materials. However, they do not try to direct each other's activities. They are engaged in

__________ accounts for 18 percent of reported cases of child maltreatment.

While reading a picture book together, 3-year-old Susannah and her mother discuss the book. In response to her mother's question about who can be a pirate, Susannah replies, "Girls cannot be pirates. Only boys." Her mother is most likely to respond by

According to the cognitive-developmental theory,

Which of the following statements about inductive discipline is true?

According to Erikson, once children have a sense of autonomy, they become

As Chandra pours herself some juice, she misses the cup and spills juice on the table. Her father chides her for being a bad girl and making a mess. Chandra is likely to

Which of the following statements is supported by research on child abuse?

Gender-schematic thinking is so powerful that when children see others behaving in "gender inconsistent" ways,

Which of the following disciplinary statements is the most likely to promote prosocial behavior?

As children reach age 2, they

When practicing induction, warnings, disapproval, and commands are

In the sandbox, Amelia makes a pie while Franklin pours sand from one container to another. The children talk and pass tools back and forth. They are engaged in

Parents of impulsive children can foster conscience development by

Most theories agree that

When parents focus on showing their child how to improve performance, that child experiences

Research on friendships shows that

When Francine sees a dump truck in the sandbox, she wonders, "Do I like this toy?" She then decides to play with the truck. Francine

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters