Question 1

What affects the permanency of settlement?

Accepted Answer

A)  concepts of landscape of memory 
B)  physical environment 
C)  subsistence and ecology 
D)  garden space per person 
A)  concepts of landscape of memory 
B)  physical environment 
C)  subsistence and ecology 
D)  garden space per person C

Question 2

How is GIS (Geographic Information Systems) used to understand settlement patterns?

Accepted Answer

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are powerful tools used to collect, manage, analyze, and visualize spatial data. When it comes to understanding settlement patterns, GIS provides a multifaceted approach to examine how human populations are distributed across a landscape, how they have grown or declined over time, and what factors influence where people choose to live. Here are several ways in which GIS is used to understand settlement patterns:

1. Spatial Analysis: GIS allows for the visualization of settlement patterns on a map, which can reveal spatial relationships and trends that might not be apparent from tabular data alone. Analysts can identify clusters of population, urban sprawl, and the spread of suburban areas.

2. Temporal Analysis: By using historical GIS data, researchers can track changes in settlement patterns over time. This can help in understanding the dynamics of urbanization, migration, and population growth or decline.

3. Demographic Analysis: GIS can be used to overlay settlement patterns with demographic data such as age, income, ethnicity, and education levels. This helps in understanding the socio-economic characteristics of different areas and how these factors influence where people choose to live.

4. Environmental Impact: Settlement patterns can be analyzed in relation to environmental factors such as proximity to water bodies, elevation, climate, and natural resources. GIS helps in assessing how these factors have historically influenced the location and expansion of settlements.

5. Infrastructure and Accessibility: GIS is used to map the infrastructure such as roads, public transportation, utilities, and services. This information can be correlated with settlement patterns to understand how accessibility and connectivity influence the growth of communities.

6. Land Use Planning: Planners use GIS to create and evaluate scenarios for land use development. By modeling different development patterns, they can assess the potential impact on communities and make informed decisions about zoning, transportation networks, and urban design.

7. Policy and Decision Making: GIS data supports policymakers in making decisions that affect settlements. For example, identifying areas of high population density without adequate emergency services can inform where to allocate resources.

8. Risk Assessment: GIS helps in identifying settlements that are at risk from natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, or wildfires. This information is crucial for disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies.

9. Economic Development: By analyzing settlement patterns in conjunction with economic data, GIS can highlight areas with potential for economic growth or the need for economic intervention.

10. Cultural and Historical Studies: GIS can be used to study the historical development of settlements and how cultural factors have influenced spatial patterns. This can include the study of historical migration routes, indigenous land use, or colonial impacts on settlement distribution.

In summary, GIS provides a comprehensive suite of tools that enable researchers, urban planners, policymakers, and other stakeholders to analyze and understand the complex factors that contribute to settlement patterns. The ability to integrate and visualize various data layers makes GIS an indispensable technology in the field of urban and regional planning.

Question 3

Potential carrying capacity and productivity of agricultural land show which variable as being critical in settlement archaeology?

Accepted Answer

A)  population 
B)  landscape 
C)  transects 
D)  aerial photography+F22 
A)  population 
B)  landscape 
C)  transects 
D)  aerial photography+F22 A

Question 4

Eric Higgs of Cambridge University developed a method that inventories resources within different radiuses of sites, an effective way of defining where people obtained food and other commodities. This method is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  settlement archaeology. 
B)  community interaction archaeology. 
C)  resource differentiation. 
D)  site catchment analysis. 
A)  settlement archaeology. 
B)  community interaction archaeology. 
C)  resource differentiation. 
D)  site catchment analysis.

Question 5

The Chumash Indians of southern California lived in a place where natural ocean upwelling nourished one of the richest inshore fisheries on earth: the islands and shores of the

Accepted Answer

A)  Gulf of Catalina. 
B)  Sea of Cortez. 
C)  Gulf of Mexico. 
D)  Santa Barbara Channel. 
A)  Gulf of Catalina. 
B)  Sea of Cortez. 
C)  Gulf of Mexico. 
D)  Santa Barbara Channel.

Question 6

René Millon has mapped dozens of residential compounds, a market, and vast ceremonial structures in the largest community settlement pattern ever investigated systematically: the ancient Mexican city of

Accepted Answer

A)  Tenochtitlán. 
B)  Tulum. 
C)  Oaxaca. 
D)  Teotihuacán. 
A)  Tenochtitlán. 
B)  Tulum. 
C)  Oaxaca. 
D)  Teotihuacán.

Question 7

Most population estimates are at best rough approximations, despite attempts to develop censuses from house counts and

Accepted Answer

A)  city wall segments. 
B)  numbers of streets. 
C)  size. 
D)  refuse accumulation. 
A)  city wall segments. 
B)  numbers of streets. 
C)  size. 
D)  refuse accumulation.

Question 8

Tenochtitlán, the Aztec imperial capital, housed at least 200,000 people; they were living in dense residential areas now buried under the concrete jungle of

Accepted Answer

A)  Panama City, Panama. 
B)  Mexico City, Mexico. 
C)  Lima, Peru. 
D)  San Salvador, El Salvador. 
A)  Panama City, Panama. 
B)  Mexico City, Mexico. 
C)  Lima, Peru. 
D)  San Salvador, El Salvador.

Question 9

Places where individuals carried out specific tasks such as food preparation are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  activity areas. 
B)  work areas. 
C)  community work areas. 
D)  creative technology centers. 
A)  activity areas. 
B)  work areas. 
C)  community work areas. 
D)  creative technology centers.

Question 10

Virconium Cornoviorum, the site at present-day Wroxeter near Shrewsbury in west-central England, was the fourth largest urban center in

Accepted Answer

A)  Roman Britain. 
B)  Welsh Britain. 
C)  Scottish Britain. 
D)  Celtic Britain. 
A)  Roman Britain. 
B)  Welsh Britain. 
C)  Scottish Britain. 
D)  Celtic Britain.

Question 11

Two stone circles, the Stones of Stenness and the Ring of Brodgar, and a burial mound known as Maeshowe, lie at the heart of the landscape in the Orkney Islands. What type of landscape is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  sacred landscape 
B)  landscape of memory 
C)  physical environment 
D)  cultural environment 
A)  sacred landscape 
B)  landscape of memory 
C)  physical environment 
D)  cultural environment

Question 12

Many archaeologists see the organizing of landscape dimensions in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  physical characteristics and properties. 
B)  historical transformations over time. 
C)  physical and symbolic relationships with the environments. 
D)  boundary walls. 
A)  physical characteristics and properties. 
B)  historical transformations over time. 
C)  physical and symbolic relationships with the environments. 
D)  boundary walls.

Question 13

What are households? What are communities? How do they interact with each other and with their overall physical environment?

Accepted Answer

Households are groups of people who live

Question 14

Many factors-including environment, economic practices, and technological skills-determine settlement patterns. Give examples from different societies for each factor.

Accepted Answer

Environment: In ancient Egypt, the settl

Question 15

Explain the concept of landscape of memory. Are there examples of this in our own society? If so, explain.

Accepted Answer

The concept of landscape of memory refer

Question 16

Recently, to obtain further answers to various questions about the Roman town that once existed at present-day Wroxeter, researchers combined aerial photographs and ground survey with

Accepted Answer

A)  existing infrastructure. 
B)  available archaeological data. 
C)  a geographic information systems database. 
D)  changing patterns of supply and demand. 
A)  existing infrastructure. 
B)  available archaeological data. 
C)  a geographic information systems database. 
D)  changing patterns of supply and demand.

Question 17

The houses and villages of a prehistoric society, like the artifacts and food residues beside its hearths, are part of its

Accepted Answer

A)  settlement pattern. 
B)  social organizations. 
C)  permanent settlements. 
D)  community interactions. 
A)  settlement pattern. 
B)  social organizations. 
C)  permanent settlements. 
D)  community interactions.

Question 18

Cerén, El Salvador, is an extraordinary archaeological treasure, a prehistoric settlement frozen in time. The people who inhabited this village were

Accepted Answer

A)  Aztec. 
B)  Moche. 
C)  Chimú. 
D)  Maya. 
A)  Aztec. 
B)  Moche. 
C)  Chimú. 
D)  Maya.

Question 19

Settlement archaeology is about many layers of dynamic relationships. For working purposes, many archaeologists divide these layers of relationship into three levels:

Accepted Answer

A)  households, towns, and cities 
B)  households, towns, and provinces 
C)  households, communities, and distribution of communities 
D)  towns, provinces, and states 
A)  households, towns, and cities 
B)  households, towns, and provinces 
C)  households, communities, and distribution of communities 
D)  towns, provinces, and states

Question 20

Some societies hold certain trees sacred, attribute supernatural qualities to fire and water, and assign benign and evil qualities to different winds. These intangible qualities are all part of the

Accepted Answer

A)  landscape. 
B)  landscape of memory. 
C)  physical environment. 
D)  cultural environment. 
A)  landscape. 
B)  landscape of memory. 
C)  physical environment. 
D)  cultural environment.

What affects the permanency of settlement?

How is GIS (Geographic Information Systems) used to understand settlement patterns?

Potential carrying capacity and productivity of agricultural land show which variable as being critical in settlement archaeology?

Eric Higgs of Cambridge University developed a method that inventories resources within different radiuses of sites, an effective way of defining where people obtained food and other commodities. This method is known as

The Chumash Indians of southern California lived in a place where natural ocean upwelling nourished one of the richest inshore fisheries on earth: the islands and shores of the

René Millon has mapped dozens of residential compounds, a market, and vast ceremonial structures in the largest community settlement pattern ever investigated systematically: the ancient Mexican city of

Most population estimates are at best rough approximations, despite attempts to develop censuses from house counts and

Tenochtitlán, the Aztec imperial capital, housed at least 200,000 people; they were living in dense residential areas now buried under the concrete jungle of

Places where individuals carried out specific tasks such as food preparation are known as

Virconium Cornoviorum, the site at present-day Wroxeter near Shrewsbury in west-central England, was the fourth largest urban center in

Two stone circles, the Stones of Stenness and the Ring of Brodgar, and a burial mound known as Maeshowe, lie at the heart of the landscape in the Orkney Islands. What type of landscape is this?

Many archaeologists see the organizing of landscape dimensions in all of the following EXCEPT

What are households? What are communities? How do they interact with each other and with their overall physical environment?

Many factors-including environment, economic practices, and technological skills-determine settlement patterns. Give examples from different societies for each factor.

Explain the concept of landscape of memory. Are there examples of this in our own society? If so, explain.

Recently, to obtain further answers to various questions about the Roman town that once existed at present-day Wroxeter, researchers combined aerial photographs and ground survey with

The houses and villages of a prehistoric society, like the artifacts and food residues beside its hearths, are part of its

Cerén, El Salvador, is an extraordinary archaeological treasure, a prehistoric settlement frozen in time. The people who inhabited this village were

Settlement archaeology is about many layers of dynamic relationships. For working purposes, many archaeologists divide these layers of relationship into three levels:

Some societies hold certain trees sacred, attribute supernatural qualities to fire and water, and assign benign and evil qualities to different winds. These intangible qualities are all part of the

Fossils, Cities, and Civilizations: the Birth of a Science

Introducing Archaeology and Prehistory

Culture and Context

Explaining the Past

Space and Time

They Sought It Here, They Sought It There: the Process of Research and Finding Archaeological Sites

Excavation

Archaeological Classification and Ancient Technologies

The Present and the Past

Ancient Climate and Environment

Come Tell Me How You Lived

The Archaeology of People

Managing the Past

So You Want to Become an Archaeologist

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Exam 12: Settlement and Landscape

What affects the permanency of settlement?

How is GIS (Geographic Information Systems) used to understand settlement patterns?

Potential carrying capacity and productivity of agricultural land show which variable as being critical in settlement archaeology?

Eric Higgs of Cambridge University developed a method that inventories resources within different radiuses of sites, an effective way of defining where people obtained food and other commodities. This method is known as

The Chumash Indians of southern California lived in a place where natural ocean upwelling nourished one of the richest inshore fisheries on earth: the islands and shores of the

René Millon has mapped dozens of residential compounds, a market, and vast ceremonial structures in the largest community settlement pattern ever investigated systematically: the ancient Mexican city of

Most population estimates are at best rough approximations, despite attempts to develop censuses from house counts and

Tenochtitlán, the Aztec imperial capital, housed at least 200,000 people; they were living in dense residential areas now buried under the concrete jungle of

Places where individuals carried out specific tasks such as food preparation are known as

Virconium Cornoviorum, the site at present-day Wroxeter near Shrewsbury in west-central England, was the fourth largest urban center in

Two stone circles, the Stones of Stenness and the Ring of Brodgar, and a burial mound known as Maeshowe, lie at the heart of the landscape in the Orkney Islands. What type of landscape is this?

Many archaeologists see the organizing of landscape dimensions in all of the following EXCEPT

What are households? What are communities? How do they interact with each other and with their overall physical environment?

Many factors-including environment, economic practices, and technological skills-determine settlement patterns. Give examples from different societies for each factor.

Explain the concept of landscape of memory. Are there examples of this in our own society? If so, explain.

Recently, to obtain further answers to various questions about the Roman town that once existed at present-day Wroxeter, researchers combined aerial photographs and ground survey with

The houses and villages of a prehistoric society, like the artifacts and food residues beside its hearths, are part of its

Cerén, El Salvador, is an extraordinary archaeological treasure, a prehistoric settlement frozen in time. The people who inhabited this village were

Settlement archaeology is about many layers of dynamic relationships. For working purposes, many archaeologists divide these layers of relationship into three levels:

Some societies hold certain trees sacred, attribute supernatural qualities to fire and water, and assign benign and evil qualities to different winds. These intangible qualities are all part of the

Fossils, Cities, and Civilizations: the Birth of a Science

Introducing Archaeology and Prehistory

Culture and Context

Explaining the Past

Space and Time

They Sought It Here, They Sought It There: the Process of Research and Finding Archaeological Sites

Excavation

Archaeological Classification and Ancient Technologies

The Present and the Past

Ancient Climate and Environment

Come Tell Me How You Lived

The Archaeology of People

Managing the Past

So You Want to Become an Archaeologist

Filters