Question 1

Describe the development of self-concept from early childhood to adolescence.

Accepted Answer

As children develop an appreciation of t

Question 2

When visiting her grandmother's house, 2-year-old Marta sees a new family photo on the wall, points to it, and says, "See Marta," to her grandmother. Marta's behavior indicates that she

Accepted Answer

A)  is aware of self-reflection. 
B)  is aware of her inner self. 
C)  has developed self-recognition. 
D)  has not yet established self-awareness. 
A)  is aware of self-reflection. 
B)  is aware of her inner self. 
C)  has developed self-recognition. 
D)  has not yet established self-awareness.

Question 3

Because 4-year-old Damon is a nonpersister, his self-esteem is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  unrealistically high. 
B)  based entirely on others' judgments. 
C)  unaffected by adult feedback. 
D)  based entirely on inner standards. 
A)  unrealistically high. 
B)  based entirely on others' judgments. 
C)  unaffected by adult feedback. 
D)  based entirely on inner standards.

Question 4

Describe the beginnings of self-awareness in infancy, citing examples of this development.

Accepted Answer

At birth, infants sense that they are ph

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about identity development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most young people remain in one identity status throughout their lifespan. 
B)  Identity development follows many paths. 
C)  Identity development is complete by age 14 or 15. 
D)  High school students make more progress toward formulating an identity than college students. 
A)  Most young people remain in one identity status throughout their lifespan. 
B)  Identity development follows many paths. 
C)  Identity development is complete by age 14 or 15. 
D)  High school students make more progress toward formulating an identity than college students.

Question 6

Four-year-old Alicia gives up easily when faced with challenging tasks. Research shows which of the following factors most likely applies to Alicia?

Accepted Answer

A)  She has parents who provide generous praise regardless of task success or failure. 
B)  She bases her self-worth entirely on inner standards. 
C)  She has parents who are highly critical of her worth and performance. 
D)  She attributes her failures to external causes and successes to internal causes. 
A)  She has parents who provide generous praise regardless of task success or failure. 
B)  She bases her self-worth entirely on inner standards. 
C)  She has parents who are highly critical of her worth and performance. 
D)  She attributes her failures to external causes and successes to internal causes.

Question 7

Which of the following characteristics is Justin, who has autism, likely to exhibit?

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of frequent nonsensical expressions 
B)  a strong capacity for establishing joint attention 
C)  good social referencing skills 
D)  the use of eye contact to gain someone's attention 
A)  the use of frequent nonsensical expressions 
B)  a strong capacity for establishing joint attention 
C)  good social referencing skills 
D)  the use of eye contact to gain someone's attention

Question 8

Not until age _____ are children certain that a video image of themselves replayed a few minutes after it was filmed is still "me."

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6

Question 9

Cross-cultural research shows that German and Greek caregivers use a(n) __________ parenting style common in cultures that value independence, while Nso caregivers use a(n) __________ parenting style typical in cultures that value interdependence.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritarian; permissive 
B)  permissive; uninvolved 
C)  distal; proximal 
D)  proximal; distal 
A)  authoritarian; permissive 
B)  permissive; uninvolved 
C)  distal; proximal 
D)  proximal; distal

Question 10

Research examining the storytelling practices between adults and 2½-year-olds in Irish-American and Chinese families reveals that

Accepted Answer

A)  Irish-American families tend to discuss holidays and family trips more than Chinese families. 
B)  Irish-Americans tend to downplay story transgressions by attributing them to the child's spunk and assertiveness. 
C)  parents in both cultures are equally likely to teach proper behavior at a story's conclusion. 
D)  Chinese parents are more likely than Irish-American parents to emphasize the child's autonomy. 
A)  Irish-American families tend to discuss holidays and family trips more than Chinese families. 
B)  Irish-Americans tend to downplay story transgressions by attributing them to the child's spunk and assertiveness. 
C)  parents in both cultures are equally likely to teach proper behavior at a story's conclusion. 
D)  Chinese parents are more likely than Irish-American parents to emphasize the child's autonomy.

Question 11

As children integrate separate behaviors into an appreciation of their own and others' personalities and identities, social cognition

Accepted Answer

A)  moves away from a metacognitive level of understanding. 
B)  changes from abstract to concrete. 
C)  becomes better organized with age. 
D)  develops more slowly than nonsocial cognition. 
A)  moves away from a metacognitive level of understanding. 
B)  changes from abstract to concrete. 
C)  becomes better organized with age. 
D)  develops more slowly than nonsocial cognition.

Question 12

Colin says, "I'm Colin. I'm 6 years old and have two older brothers. I'm good at running and football. I'm not very good at wrestling, and I don't like doing my chores. Sometimes I get mad at my brothers." Colin is constructing his

Accepted Answer

A)  remembered self. 
B)  autobiographical narrative. 
C)  self-concept. 
D)  theory of mind. 
A)  remembered self. 
B)  autobiographical narrative. 
C)  self-concept. 
D)  theory of mind.

Question 13

Instead of grabbing, hitting, or insisting that another child obey, 5- to 7-year-olds tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  tattle on the child since they are unable to resolve disagreements without adult intervention. 
B)  verbally threaten the child and later exclude the child from play groups. 
C)  rely on friendly persuasion and compromise, to think of alternative strategies when one does not work, and to resolve disagreements without adult intervention. 
D)  first bribe the child, and if that strategy fails, they seek adult intervention. 
A)  tattle on the child since they are unable to resolve disagreements without adult intervention. 
B)  verbally threaten the child and later exclude the child from play groups. 
C)  rely on friendly persuasion and compromise, to think of alternative strategies when one does not work, and to resolve disagreements without adult intervention. 
D)  first bribe the child, and if that strategy fails, they seek adult intervention.

Question 14

From middle to late adolescence, cognitive changes enable teenagers to

Accepted Answer

A)  stop using abstract descriptors. 
B)  combine their traits into an organized system. 
C)  compare their own performance to that of a single peer. 
D)  create an entirely new set of attributes. 
A)  stop using abstract descriptors. 
B)  combine their traits into an organized system. 
C)  compare their own performance to that of a single peer. 
D)  create an entirely new set of attributes.

Question 15

Which of the following children will most likely describe himself in terms of individualistic traits, such as personal preferences, interests, skills, and opinions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Guang, who lives in China 
B)  Galeno, who lives in Puerto Rico 
C)  Gibson, who lives in the United States 
D)  Goro, who lives in Japan 
A)  Guang, who lives in China 
B)  Galeno, who lives in Puerto Rico 
C)  Gibson, who lives in the United States 
D)  Goro, who lives in Japan

Question 16

Research on adolescent suicide indicates that compared to boys, girls

Accepted Answer

A)  are twice as likely to kill themselves. 
B)  make more unsuccessful suicide attempts. 
C)  tend to choose techniques that lead to instant death. 
D)  are more likely to blame their parents for their suicide attempts. 
A)  are twice as likely to kill themselves. 
B)  make more unsuccessful suicide attempts. 
C)  tend to choose techniques that lead to instant death. 
D)  are more likely to blame their parents for their suicide attempts.

Question 17

Trevor has limited ability to engage in nonverbal communicative behaviors, and his language tends to be imitative. He pays little attention to the people around him, preferring to sit and play intensely in activities requiring repetitive motions. Trevor is displaying qualities that are characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  bipolar disorder. 
B)  a learning disability. 
C)  mental retardation. 
D)  autism. 
A)  bipolar disorder. 
B)  a learning disability. 
C)  mental retardation. 
D)  autism.

Question 18

Five-year-old Serena ate a cupcake that she knew she was not supposed to have until after dinner. To avoid punishment, Serena told her mother that the dog ate the cupcake. Serena's attempt to alter her mother's belief demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  an entity view of ability. 
C)  antisocial behavior. 
D)  belief-desire theory of mind. 
A)  learned helplessness. 
B)  an entity view of ability. 
C)  antisocial behavior. 
D)  belief-desire theory of mind.

Question 19

Fourteen-year-old Farica volunteers at a local animal shelter to help her decide whether to become a veterinarian. Farica is demonstrating identity

Accepted Answer

A)  moratorium. 
B)  achievement. 
C)  foreclosure. 
D)  diffusion. 
A)  moratorium. 
B)  achievement. 
C)  foreclosure. 
D)  diffusion.

Question 20

Denison is an adolescent who has begun to define who he is, what he values, and what direction he chooses to pursue in life. Denison is

Accepted Answer

A)  creating a self-persona. 
B)  forming an identity. 
C)  improving his self-esteem. 
D)  developing his superego. 
A)  creating a self-persona. 
B)  forming an identity. 
C)  improving his self-esteem. 
D)  developing his superego.

Describe the development of self-concept from early childhood to adolescence.

When visiting her grandmother's house, 2-year-old Marta sees a new family photo on the wall, points to it, and says, "See Marta," to her grandmother. Marta's behavior indicates that she

Because 4-year-old Damon is a nonpersister, his self-esteem is most likely

Describe the beginnings of self-awareness in infancy, citing examples of this development.

Which of the following statements is true about identity development?

Four-year-old Alicia gives up easily when faced with challenging tasks. Research shows which of the following factors most likely applies to Alicia?

Which of the following characteristics is Justin, who has autism, likely to exhibit?

Not until age _____ are children certain that a video image of themselves replayed a few minutes after it was filmed is still "me."

Cross-cultural research shows that German and Greek caregivers use a(n) parenting style common in cultures that value independence, while Nso caregivers use a(n) parenting style typical in cultures that value interdependence.

Research examining the storytelling practices between adults and 2½-year-olds in Irish-American and Chinese families reveals that

As children integrate separate behaviors into an appreciation of their own and others' personalities and identities, social cognition

Colin says, "I'm Colin. I'm 6 years old and have two older brothers. I'm good at running and football. I'm not very good at wrestling, and I don't like doing my chores. Sometimes I get mad at my brothers." Colin is constructing his

Instead of grabbing, hitting, or insisting that another child obey, 5- to 7-year-olds tend to

From middle to late adolescence, cognitive changes enable teenagers to

Which of the following children will most likely describe himself in terms of individualistic traits, such as personal preferences, interests, skills, and opinions?

Research on adolescent suicide indicates that compared to boys, girls

Five-year-old Serena ate a cupcake that she knew she was not supposed to have until after dinner. To avoid punishment, Serena told her mother that the dog ate the cupcake. Serena's attempt to alter her mother's belief demonstrates

Fourteen-year-old Farica volunteers at a local animal shelter to help her decide whether to become a veterinarian. Farica is demonstrating identity

Denison is an adolescent who has begun to define who he is, what he values, and what direction he chooses to pursue in life. Denison is

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 11: Self and Social Understanding

Describe the development of self-concept from early childhood to adolescence.

When visiting her grandmother's house, 2-year-old Marta sees a new family photo on the wall, points to it, and says, "See Marta," to her grandmother. Marta's behavior indicates that she

Because 4-year-old Damon is a nonpersister, his self-esteem is most likely

Describe the beginnings of self-awareness in infancy, citing examples of this development.

Which of the following statements is true about identity development?

Four-year-old Alicia gives up easily when faced with challenging tasks. Research shows which of the following factors most likely applies to Alicia?

Which of the following characteristics is Justin, who has autism, likely to exhibit?

Not until age _____ are children certain that a video image of themselves replayed a few minutes after it was filmed is still "me."

Cross-cultural research shows that German and Greek caregivers use a(n) __________ parenting style common in cultures that value independence, while Nso caregivers use a(n) __________ parenting style typical in cultures that value interdependence.

Research examining the storytelling practices between adults and 2½-year-olds in Irish-American and Chinese families reveals that

As children integrate separate behaviors into an appreciation of their own and others' personalities and identities, social cognition

Colin says, "I'm Colin. I'm 6 years old and have two older brothers. I'm good at running and football. I'm not very good at wrestling, and I don't like doing my chores. Sometimes I get mad at my brothers." Colin is constructing his

Instead of grabbing, hitting, or insisting that another child obey, 5- to 7-year-olds tend to

From middle to late adolescence, cognitive changes enable teenagers to

Which of the following children will most likely describe himself in terms of individualistic traits, such as personal preferences, interests, skills, and opinions?

Research on adolescent suicide indicates that compared to boys, girls

Five-year-old Serena ate a cupcake that she knew she was not supposed to have until after dinner. To avoid punishment, Serena told her mother that the dog ate the cupcake. Serena's attempt to alter her mother's belief demonstrates

Fourteen-year-old Farica volunteers at a local animal shelter to help her decide whether to become a veterinarian. Farica is demonstrating identity

Denison is an adolescent who has begun to define who he is, what he values, and what direction he chooses to pursue in life. Denison is

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Cross-cultural research shows that German and Greek caregivers use a(n) parenting style common in cultures that value independence, while Nso caregivers use a(n) parenting style typical in cultures that value interdependence.