Exam 11: Self and Social Understanding

In Ms. Ceyner's class, she encourages students to focus on mastering a task for its own sake and she praises individual performance improvement rather than comparisons to other classmates. By doing this, Ms. Ceyner is

Beginning in __________, self-descriptions emphasize positive and negative traits.

Which of the following statements is true regarding achievement-related attributions?

Young people who go to work immediately after high school graduation often

Which of the following statements is supported by research on cultural differences in learned helplessness?

During the first year, as infants act on the environment, they

Fifteen-year-old LaRon feels highly dissatisfied with his parental relationships. Research suggests that LaRon is likely to be

Shae does not believe that her successes or failures in school can be changed, or that her effort will make a difference in her grades. Shae

Mastery-oriented children focus on __________ goals, whereas learned-helpless children focus on __________ goals.

When Vince receives a high test grade, he attributes it to luck; when he receives a low test grade, he attributes it to not being smart. Vince has developed

Atim displays learned helplessness. His teacher addresses this by giving him tasks in which he experiences failure, followed by feedback such as, "You can do this if you try harder." Atim is

If you ask 4-year-old Mariah to describe herself, she will most likely mention

Children who pass false-belief tasks have more accurate eyewitness memories because

Before age 8, children's descriptions of others focus on

__________ is considered a powerful tool in self-development because it permits children to represent and express the self more clearly.

According to identity theorists, individuals who move away from identity __________ toward identity __________ build a well-structured identity that integrates various domains.

Children with high social self-esteem

When asked whether he ever had doubts about his religious beliefs, Pedro said, "Yes, I just don't see how there can be a God and yet so much evil in the world." Pedro is experiencing identity

Mr. Mach states that he does not like milk, but drinks it to keep his bones healthy. His young daughter, who has a desire theory of mind, hears him say this and watches him drink the milk. She

As school-age children judge their own appearance, abilities, and behavior in relation to those of others,