Question 1

Which of the following insecure attachment classifications is as stable as secure attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  disorganized/disoriented 
C)  avoidant 
D)  resistant 
A)  social 
B)  disorganized/disoriented 
C)  avoidant 
D)  resistant

Question 2

Ten-month-old Annette is displaying a "mouth-open" smile. This reaction is probably a response to

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating play. 
B)  a parent's greeting. 
C)  a friendly stranger. 
D)  a startling sound. 
A)  stimulating play. 
B)  a parent's greeting. 
C)  a friendly stranger. 
D)  a startling sound.

Question 3

A baby coos and pats his mother's face, but she does not respond. The baby makes repeated attempts through facial expressions, vocalizations, and body movements to gain her attention, all to no avail. The baby is now likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  coo at a toy. 
B)  adopt a still-faced expression. 
C)  engage in self-comfort strategies. 
D)  turn away and cry. 
A)  coo at a toy. 
B)  adopt a still-faced expression. 
C)  engage in self-comfort strategies. 
D)  turn away and cry.

Question 4

Obert shows a sharp increase in EEG brain-wave activity in the right hemisphere after seeing a classmate crying. Obert is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  a lack of empathy for another's emotional needs. 
B)  a strong sense of sympathy. 
C)  an ability to self-regulate his own emotions. 
D)  delayed social-referencing skills. 
A)  a lack of empathy for another's emotional needs. 
B)  a strong sense of sympathy. 
C)  an ability to self-regulate his own emotions. 
D)  delayed social-referencing skills.

Question 5

Preschoolers who were highly fearful as 2-year-olds score slightly __________ their agemates in __________ as 4-year-olds.

Accepted Answer

A)  better than; effortful control 
B)  below; effortful control 
C)  better than; positive affect 
D)  below; fearful distress 
A)  better than; effortful control 
B)  below; effortful control 
C)  better than; positive affect 
D)  below; fearful distress

Question 6

Benny is a shy baby. What can his parents do to help Benny from becoming a fearful child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protect him from minor stresses and teach him to retreat from unfamiliar situations. 
B)  Expose him to fear-inducing situations so he can learn to regulate his anxiety. 
C)  Avoid authoritative child-rearing practices and encourage independence. 
D)  Provide warm, supportive care and make appropriate demands when approaching new experiences. 
A)  Protect him from minor stresses and teach him to retreat from unfamiliar situations. 
B)  Expose him to fear-inducing situations so he can learn to regulate his anxiety. 
C)  Avoid authoritative child-rearing practices and encourage independence. 
D)  Provide warm, supportive care and make appropriate demands when approaching new experiences.

Question 7

Baby Winnie recognizes her mother's smell, voice, and face, but does not mind being left with an unfamiliar adult. According to Bowlby's theory of attachment, Winnie is in the __________ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  preattachment 
B)  "attachment-in-the-making" 
C)  "clear-cut" attachment 
D)  reciprocal relationship 
A)  preattachment 
B)  "attachment-in-the-making" 
C)  "clear-cut" attachment 
D)  reciprocal relationship

Question 8

An appreciation of mixed emotions helps school-age children realize that

Accepted Answer

A)  people's expressions may not reflect their true feelings. 
B)  pride elicits the same emotion as happiness and surprise. 
C)  basic emotions are more complex than self-conscious emotions. 
D)  two emotions cannot really occur at once. 
A)  people's expressions may not reflect their true feelings. 
B)  pride elicits the same emotion as happiness and surprise. 
C)  basic emotions are more complex than self-conscious emotions. 
D)  two emotions cannot really occur at once.

Question 9

As a preschooler, Virgil experiences negative emotion intensely and has great difficulty inhibiting his feelings. When frustrated, Virgil is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  react angrily or aggressively. 
B)  withdraw into a make-believe world. 
C)  stand by helplessly and watch classmates participate in activities without him. 
D)  cry inconsolably and blame others for his situation. 
A)  react angrily or aggressively. 
B)  withdraw into a make-believe world. 
C)  stand by helplessly and watch classmates participate in activities without him. 
D)  cry inconsolably and blame others for his situation.

Question 10

Which of the following children is at greatest risk for aggressive and antisocial conduct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ralph, an irritable and impulsive child 
B)  Raja, a sociable and assertive child 
C)  Rhett, a shy and fearful child 
D)  Rufus, an only child 
A)  Ralph, an irritable and impulsive child 
B)  Raja, a sociable and assertive child 
C)  Rhett, a shy and fearful child 
D)  Rufus, an only child

Question 11

Heritability estimates are __________ for expressions of __________ than for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower; negative emotion; positive emotion 
B)  higher; negative emotion; positive emotion 
C)  lower; irritability; agreeability 
D)  higher; positive emotion; negative emotion 
A)  lower; negative emotion; positive emotion 
B)  higher; negative emotion; positive emotion 
C)  lower; irritability; agreeability 
D)  higher; positive emotion; negative emotion

Question 12

By the end of the first year, babies become increasingly skilled at

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing an internal working model. 
B)  joint attention. 
C)  social smiling. 
D)  labeling their feelings. 
A)  establishing an internal working model. 
B)  joint attention. 
C)  social smiling. 
D)  labeling their feelings.

Question 13

Seven-week-old LaDonna breaks into a broad grin at the sight of her father's face. LaDonna is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  a social smile. 
B)  a sense of humor. 
C)  subtle laughter. 
D)  a self-conscious emotion. 
A)  a social smile. 
B)  a sense of humor. 
C)  subtle laughter. 
D)  a self-conscious emotion.

Question 14

The overall stability of temperament is __________ in infancy and toddlerhood and __________ from the preschool years on.

Accepted Answer

A)  moderate; high 
B)  low; moderate 
C)  low; high 
D)  high; moderate 
A)  moderate; high 
B)  low; moderate 
C)  low; high 
D)  high; moderate

Question 15

Marisol was placed in a large ward in an orphanage at the age of 8 months. Marisol shares a nurse-caregiver with ten other infants. As a result, Marisol will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  develop a secure attachment to the nurse-caregiver. 
B)  become increasingly self-sufficient with age. 
C)  become withdrawn, lose weight, and have difficulty sleeping. 
D)  actively seek a close relationship with another baby in the ward. 
A)  develop a secure attachment to the nurse-caregiver. 
B)  become increasingly self-sufficient with age. 
C)  become withdrawn, lose weight, and have difficulty sleeping. 
D)  actively seek a close relationship with another baby in the ward.

Question 16

Twin studies reveal that empathy is __________ heritable.

Accepted Answer

A)  rarely 
B)  slightly 
C)  moderately 
D)  highly 
A)  rarely 
B)  slightly 
C)  moderately 
D)  highly

Question 17

Accordingly to Thomas and Chess, which dimension of temperament reflects the amount of friendly, joyful behavior as opposed to unpleasant, unfriendly behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  intensity of reaction 
B)  quality of mood 
C)  adaptability 
D)  rhythmicity 
A)  intensity of reaction 
B)  quality of mood 
C)  adaptability 
D)  rhythmicity

Question 18

In one study, the combination of __________ and __________ increased the likelihood of insecure attachment at 12 months.

Accepted Answer

A)  preterm birth; maternal age 
B)  preterm birth; maternal depression 
C)  low marital satisfaction; maternal anxiety 
D)  maternal age; maternal depression 
A)  preterm birth; maternal age 
B)  preterm birth; maternal depression 
C)  low marital satisfaction; maternal anxiety 
D)  maternal age; maternal depression

Question 19

In a study, researchers taught 2- to 8-month-olds to pull a string to activate pleasurable sights and sounds, to which the infants responded with interest, happiness, and surprise. Then, for a short period, pulling the string no longer turned on the attractive stimuli, and the babies' emotional reactions changed to anger and sadness. Once the contingency was restored, the sad babies

Accepted Answer

A)  showed renewed interest. 
B)  showed renewed enjoyment. 
C)  turned away. 
D)  reacted with high anxiety. 
A)  showed renewed interest. 
B)  showed renewed enjoyment. 
C)  turned away. 
D)  reacted with high anxiety.

Question 20

At what age do children begin to engage in social referencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 6 months 
B)  7 to 12 months 
C)  1 to 2 years 
D)  3 to 6 years 
A)  1 to 6 months 
B)  7 to 12 months 
C)  1 to 2 years 
D)  3 to 6 years

Which of the following insecure attachment classifications is as stable as secure attachment?

Ten-month-old Annette is displaying a "mouth-open" smile. This reaction is probably a response to

A baby coos and pats his mother's face, but she does not respond. The baby makes repeated attempts through facial expressions, vocalizations, and body movements to gain her attention, all to no avail. The baby is now likely to

Obert shows a sharp increase in EEG brain-wave activity in the right hemisphere after seeing a classmate crying. Obert is displaying

Preschoolers who were highly fearful as 2-year-olds score slightly their agemates in as 4-year-olds.

Benny is a shy baby. What can his parents do to help Benny from becoming a fearful child?

Baby Winnie recognizes her mother's smell, voice, and face, but does not mind being left with an unfamiliar adult. According to Bowlby's theory of attachment, Winnie is in the __________ phase.

An appreciation of mixed emotions helps school-age children realize that

As a preschooler, Virgil experiences negative emotion intensely and has great difficulty inhibiting his feelings. When frustrated, Virgil is likely to

Which of the following children is at greatest risk for aggressive and antisocial conduct?

Heritability estimates are for expressions of than for __.

By the end of the first year, babies become increasingly skilled at

Seven-week-old LaDonna breaks into a broad grin at the sight of her father's face. LaDonna is displaying

The overall stability of temperament is in infancy and toddlerhood and from the preschool years on.

Marisol was placed in a large ward in an orphanage at the age of 8 months. Marisol shares a nurse-caregiver with ten other infants. As a result, Marisol will probably

Twin studies reveal that empathy is __________ heritable.

Accordingly to Thomas and Chess, which dimension of temperament reflects the amount of friendly, joyful behavior as opposed to unpleasant, unfriendly behavior?

In one study, the combination of and increased the likelihood of insecure attachment at 12 months.

At what age do children begin to engage in social referencing?

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 10: Emotional Development

Which of the following insecure attachment classifications is as stable as secure attachment?

Ten-month-old Annette is displaying a "mouth-open" smile. This reaction is probably a response to

A baby coos and pats his mother's face, but she does not respond. The baby makes repeated attempts through facial expressions, vocalizations, and body movements to gain her attention, all to no avail. The baby is now likely to

Obert shows a sharp increase in EEG brain-wave activity in the right hemisphere after seeing a classmate crying. Obert is displaying

Preschoolers who were highly fearful as 2-year-olds score slightly __________ their agemates in __________ as 4-year-olds.

Benny is a shy baby. What can his parents do to help Benny from becoming a fearful child?

Baby Winnie recognizes her mother's smell, voice, and face, but does not mind being left with an unfamiliar adult. According to Bowlby's theory of attachment, Winnie is in the __________ phase.

An appreciation of mixed emotions helps school-age children realize that

As a preschooler, Virgil experiences negative emotion intensely and has great difficulty inhibiting his feelings. When frustrated, Virgil is likely to

Which of the following children is at greatest risk for aggressive and antisocial conduct?

Heritability estimates are __________ for expressions of __________ than for __________.

By the end of the first year, babies become increasingly skilled at

Seven-week-old LaDonna breaks into a broad grin at the sight of her father's face. LaDonna is displaying

The overall stability of temperament is __________ in infancy and toddlerhood and __________ from the preschool years on.

Marisol was placed in a large ward in an orphanage at the age of 8 months. Marisol shares a nurse-caregiver with ten other infants. As a result, Marisol will probably

Twin studies reveal that empathy is __________ heritable.

Accordingly to Thomas and Chess, which dimension of temperament reflects the amount of friendly, joyful behavior as opposed to unpleasant, unfriendly behavior?

In one study, the combination of __________ and __________ increased the likelihood of insecure attachment at 12 months.

At what age do children begin to engage in social referencing?

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Preschoolers who were highly fearful as 2-year-olds score slightly their agemates in as 4-year-olds.

Heritability estimates are for expressions of than for __.

The overall stability of temperament is in infancy and toddlerhood and from the preschool years on.

In one study, the combination of and increased the likelihood of insecure attachment at 12 months.