Exam 12: Hazard Mitigation Planning

________________establish the distance that construction can take place from a known fault line to prevent damage to structures from earthquakes.

The process of land _________ and relocation, often referred to as buyout programs, can be an expensive yet effective way for communities to minimize the number of residents living in the most vulnerable areas.

Some beachfront communities attempt to cope with shoreline erosion by investing in beach __________ projects that replace or add sand to widen the beach.

Stormwater _________ typically flows along the surface of the ground and may ultimately be discharged into bodies or enter stormwater treatment facilities.

_____________ are barriers created by grading or filling areas with soil and are meant to keep floodwaters from reaching buildings.

_____________ raises the lowest habitable floor above the 100-year flood level, so that rising water typically flows under the building, without harming the structure.

One less expensive way to reduce flood damage is to engage in partial floodproofing by elevating only the heating, ventilating and cooling (HVAC) equipment, such as furnaces and hot water heaters.

Wet floodproofing means that all areas below flood level are made watertight.

_________________, which are meant to protect the shore from erosion by trapping sand, can worsen erosion on neighboring beaches.

Describe at least two potential disadvantages of using structural engineering approaches to mitigation, such as constructing seawalls or jetties.

Reservoirs are water storage facilities that are located behind dams, and are used to hold water during peak runoff periods.

The potential for dam failure is too unlikely to address through mitigation.

Most hurricane-related deaths and property damage are a result of______________

Describe what FEMA means by the step of a comphrensive hazard mitigation planning process: create an outreach strategy.

_____________________ typically involves improvements to the aerodynamics of a structure, the materials used in its construction, or adding features like storm shutters and shatter-resistant window panes to reduce damage from wind.

Over the long-term, the most sustainable approach to minimize damages and losses from natural hazards is to guide development away from _______________.

Low Impact Development or Green Infrastructure are often used to manage stormwater by:

All of the following except which one are considered by FEMA to be steps in the development of a hazard mitigation plan?

Real estate disclosure laws do not require that the buyer and lender be notified if property is located in a hazard-prone area.

Levees, dikes and floodwalls should not be used to reclaim land in the floodplain for development.