Exam 7: Ethics

Which of the following said "Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself" and "man makes himself"?

Sartre argued that morality was developed __________.

Virginia Held suggests new directions for moral thinking on women's experience.

For Kant, we should always avoid treating others __________.

Why shouldn't the existentialist consult feeling as a guide for action?

An __________ is what we call a command in our preliminary discussion of morality. It is of the form "do this!" or "don't do this!" Some imperatives tell us to "do this!"

Hume claimed that you cannot derive a(n) __________ from a(n) __________, that is, you could not provide a valid argument about what you should do based on the facts alone.

There are valid and sound arguments against homosexuality, the logic of which has never, to date, been dismantled by philosophers.

Which of the following said that the first impulses of nature were always right?

Who said that if you are ashamed, the best remedy is for you to practice benevolence?

The categorical imperative depends on __________.

Which of the following philosophers rejected the idea of basing morality on feelings of any kind?

According to Kant, to test the moral validity of a maxim, one should first _______.

Think of one or more moral dilemmas that cannot be satisfactorily solved by either Kant or Mill. Does Nietzsche provide a solution?

What is Nietzsche describing in the metaphor, "A tablet of virtues hangs over every people."

Ayn Rand was a famous advocate of ethical egoism.

Another way of describing the categorical imperative is to say that it is an __________ principle, independent of any particular circumstances.

Kant makes a famous distinction between two kinds of love: __________love, which is commanded as a duty, and __________ love, in other words, what we would call the emotion of love.

Bentham began with the fact that people seek pleasure and avoid pain and developed the __________ , to be applied to policy decisions as well as to personal ones.

Nietzsche's moral philosophy often considers the greek tradition of personal excellence as a source of strength and the modern conception of morality as a facade for weakness. What does Nietzsche famously name this moral contrast.