Question 1

The 'nun study', discussed in the text, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a case study. 
B)  an experiment. 
C)  a correlational study. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a case study. 
B)  an experiment. 
C)  a correlational study. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 2

Measures designed to tap beliefs of which people may not be aware are called _______ measures.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit 
B)  explicit 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic 
A)  implicit 
B)  explicit 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic

Question 3

To obtain a detailed portrait of an individual, it would be best to use a(n) ________ method)

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic 
A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic

Question 4

The essence of scientific research is

Accepted Answer

A)  replicability of findings. 
B)  discovery of truth. 
C)  freedom from bias. 
D)  absence of error. 
A)  replicability of findings. 
B)  discovery of truth. 
C)  freedom from bias. 
D)  absence of error.

Question 5

Self and observer ratings show good agreement where the characteristics are observable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Experimenter expectancy effects are illustrated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the case of Clever Hans. 
B)  the case of Little Hans. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  correlational research. 
A)  the case of Clever Hans. 
B)  the case of Little Hans. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  correlational research.

Question 7

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, was designed to

Accepted Answer

A)  obtain a detailed portrait of the unique individual, Ali. 
B)  compare Ali to others in the population to determine whether Ali's characteristics were similar to those of other people. 
C)  test a specific hypothesis about the causal influence of Ali's personal background on his current relationships. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  obtain a detailed portrait of the unique individual, Ali. 
B)  compare Ali to others in the population to determine whether Ali's characteristics were similar to those of other people. 
C)  test a specific hypothesis about the causal influence of Ali's personal background on his current relationships. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 8

Demand characteristics are characteristics of an experimenter who, without recognizing it,
biases the responses of subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is not an important aspect of correlational research?

Accepted Answer

A)  interest in individual differences. 
B)  use of questionnaires. 
C)  study of relationships among many variables. 
D)  manipulation of variables of interest. 
A)  interest in individual differences. 
B)  use of questionnaires. 
C)  study of relationships among many variables. 
D)  manipulation of variables of interest.

Question 10

Anxiety about conforming to beliefs that others hold about a group of which you are a member is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  hostility. 
B)  unconscious motivation. 
C)  stereotyping. 
D)  stereotype threat. 
A)  hostility. 
B)  unconscious motivation. 
C)  stereotyping. 
D)  stereotype threat.

Question 11

O-data provide the opportunity for obtaining

Accepted Answer

A)  objective data. 
B)  self-report data. 
C)  checks on subject bias. 
D)  checks on observer reliability. 
A)  objective data. 
B)  self-report data. 
C)  checks on subject bias. 
D)  checks on observer reliability.

Question 12

The case of "Clever Hans" is

Accepted Answer

A)  an account of the life and times of a pick-pocket from the Bronx. 
B)  an example of demand characteristics. 
C)  an example of response style. 
D)  an example of an experimenter bias. 
A)  an account of the life and times of a pick-pocket from the Bronx. 
B)  an example of demand characteristics. 
C)  an example of response style. 
D)  an example of an experimenter bias.

Question 13

Validity refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  stable observations. 
B)  the utility of observations. 
C)  the replicability of observations. 
D)  whether observations relate to the variables of interest. 
A)  stable observations. 
B)  the utility of observations. 
C)  the replicability of observations. 
D)  whether observations relate to the variables of interest.

Question 14

The use of ratings in personality research illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  L-data. 
B)  O-data. 
C)  T-data. 
D)  S-data. 
A)  L-data. 
B)  O-data. 
C)  T-data. 
D)  S-data.

Question 15

Researchers who use the correlational design are primarily interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  cause-effect relationships. 
B)  manipulating variables. 
C)  differences among individuals. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  cause-effect relationships. 
B)  manipulating variables. 
C)  differences among individuals. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 16

In clinical research

Accepted Answer

A)  many variables can be considered at one time. 
B)  behavior can be observed naturally. 
C)  verbal reports can be used. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  many variables can be considered at one time. 
B)  behavior can be observed naturally. 
C)  verbal reports can be used. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 17

Individual differences in performance on an experimental test would be an example of ____ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  L-data 
B)  O-data 
C)  T-data 
D)  S-data 
A)  L-data 
B)  O-data 
C)  T-data 
D)  S-data

Question 18

Which of the following is not raised as an issue in the ethics of research?

Accepted Answer

A)  potential for lack of valid observations. 
B)  potential for personal bias. 
C)  potential for social bias. 
D)  potential for fraud. 
A)  potential for lack of valid observations. 
B)  potential for personal bias. 
C)  potential for social bias. 
D)  potential for fraud.

Question 19

The case of Clever Hans illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
B)  response style. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  subliminal perception. 
A)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
B)  response style. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  subliminal perception.

Question 20

Stereotype threat processes have been shown to affect the performance of

Accepted Answer

A)  members of minority groups. 
B)  women. 
C)  a & b. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  members of minority groups. 
B)  women. 
C)  a & b. 
D)  none of the above.

The 'nun study', discussed in the text, is an example of

Measures designed to tap beliefs of which people may not be aware are called _______ measures.

To obtain a detailed portrait of an individual, it would be best to use a(n) ________ method)

The essence of scientific research is

Self and observer ratings show good agreement where the characteristics are observable.

Experimenter expectancy effects are illustrated by

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, was designed to

Demand characteristics are characteristics of an experimenter who, without recognizing it, biases the responses of subjects.

Which of the following is not an important aspect of correlational research?

Anxiety about conforming to beliefs that others hold about a group of which you are a member is called:

O-data provide the opportunity for obtaining

The case of "Clever Hans" is

Validity refers to

The use of ratings in personality research illustrates

Researchers who use the correlational design are primarily interested in

In clinical research

Individual differences in performance on an experimental test would be an example of ____ data.

Which of the following is not raised as an issue in the ethics of research?

The case of Clever Hans illustrates

Stereotype threat processes have been shown to affect the performance of

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Social-Cognitive Theory: Extensions, Applications, and Evaluation

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

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Exam 2: The Scientific Study of People

The 'nun study', discussed in the text, is an example of

Measures designed to tap beliefs of which people may not be aware are called _______ measures.

To obtain a detailed portrait of an individual, it would be best to use a(n) ________ method)

The essence of scientific research is

Self and observer ratings show good agreement where the characteristics are observable.

Experimenter expectancy effects are illustrated by

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, was designed to

Demand characteristics are characteristics of an experimenter who, without recognizing it, biases the responses of subjects.

Which of the following is not an important aspect of correlational research?

Anxiety about conforming to beliefs that others hold about a group of which you are a member is called:

O-data provide the opportunity for obtaining

The case of "Clever Hans" is

Validity refers to

The use of ratings in personality research illustrates

Researchers who use the correlational design are primarily interested in

In clinical research

Individual differences in performance on an experimental test would be an example of ____ data.

Which of the following is not raised as an issue in the ethics of research?

The case of Clever Hans illustrates

Stereotype threat processes have been shown to affect the performance of

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Social-Cognitive Theory: Extensions, Applications, and Evaluation

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

Filters