Question 1

Based on the discussion in the text, "flexible" measures could also be labeled as

Accepted Answer

A)  idiographic. 
B)  nomothetic. 
C)  implicit. 
D)  explicit. 
A)  idiographic. 
B)  nomothetic. 
C)  implicit. 
D)  explicit.

Question 2

The text suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  theory is more important than research. 
B)  research is more important than theory. 
C)  theory and research are closely related. 
D)  theory and research are separate and independent. 
A)  theory is more important than research. 
B)  research is more important than theory. 
C)  theory and research are closely related. 
D)  theory and research are separate and independent.

Question 3

Which of the following concepts suggests that the psychological experiment is a form of social interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
B)  demand characteristics. 
C)  both (a) and (b). 
D)  neither (a) nor (b). 
A)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
B)  demand characteristics. 
C)  both (a) and (b). 
D)  neither (a) nor (b).

Question 4

The goal of research is to establish facts and principles that can be interpreted within a
broader theoretical framework.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A case study method is an example of a ____________ technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic 
A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic

Question 6

Personality test items can be influenced by factors such as the phrasing of items and the order
of items on a test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The concept expressing the extent to which our observations are dependable and can be replicated is called

Accepted Answer

A)  validity. 
B)  demand characteristics. 
C)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
D)  reliability. 
A)  validity. 
B)  demand characteristics. 
C)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
D)  reliability.

Question 8

In comparison with case studies, correlational research typically

Accepted Answer

A)  involves the study of a few individuals. 
B)  involves quantitative relationships. 
C)  involves interest in cause-effect relationships. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  involves the study of a few individuals. 
B)  involves quantitative relationships. 
C)  involves interest in cause-effect relationships. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 9

Discuss the concepts of reliability and validity. Define both concepts, note how they are related to one another, and how they relate to the evaluation of a theory.

Accepted Answer

Reliability and validity are two importa

Question 10

Research on O-data suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  some people are more judgable than others. 
B)  some characteristics are more observable than others. 
C)  highly evaluative characteristics lead to biases. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  some people are more judgable than others. 
B)  some characteristics are more observable than others. 
C)  highly evaluative characteristics lead to biases. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 11

The text emphasizes that:

Accepted Answer

A)  theory and research are separate endeavors. 
B)  one cannot have "theory-free research" because theory inevitably informs research procedures. 
C)  to get a good theory, one first must engage in theory-free research, with the research findings being used to generate a theory. 
D)  the measures used to assess personality, in doing personality research, generally are, and should be, theory-free. 
A)  theory and research are separate endeavors. 
B)  one cannot have "theory-free research" because theory inevitably informs research procedures. 
C)  to get a good theory, one first must engage in theory-free research, with the research findings being used to generate a theory. 
D)  the measures used to assess personality, in doing personality research, generally are, and should be, theory-free.

Question 12

Performance on an intelligence test illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  L-data. 
B)  O-data. 
C)  T-data. 
D)  S-data. 
A)  L-data. 
B)  O-data. 
C)  T-data. 
D)  S-data.

Question 13

Ethics of research involve questions of

Accepted Answer

A)  requirements of participation. 
B)  deception of subjects. 
C)  protection of subjects from harm. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  requirements of participation. 
B)  deception of subjects. 
C)  protection of subjects from harm. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 14

Ratings of an individual made by parents, friends, or teachers are an example of _____ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  L-data 
B)  O-data 
C)  T-data 
D)  S-data 
A)  L-data 
B)  O-data 
C)  T-data 
D)  S-data

Question 15

The case of Sir Cyril Burt raised the issue of

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability of data. 
B)  validity. 
C)  abuse of subjects. 
D)  data manipulation. 
A)  reliability of data. 
B)  validity. 
C)  abuse of subjects. 
D)  data manipulation.

Question 16

The term "function" in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a given task the person might be asked to do 
B)  the workings of the fMRI itself 
C)  the magnetic properties of blood cells 
D)  variations in blood flow 
A)  a given task the person might be asked to do 
B)  the workings of the fMRI itself 
C)  the magnetic properties of blood cells 
D)  variations in blood flow

Question 17

In correlational research, the investigator seeks to establish a relationship between two or
more variables that do not readily lend themselves to manipulation and control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In clinical research there is

Accepted Answer

A)  minimal experimental control and maximum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
B)  maximum experimental control and maximum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
C)  minimal experimental control and minimum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
D)  maximum experimental control and minimum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
A)  minimal experimental control and maximum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
B)  maximum experimental control and maximum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
C)  minimal experimental control and minimum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
D)  maximum experimental control and minimum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena.

Question 19

The term ________ comes from the Greek for the word law, as in general scientific laws.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit 
B)  explicit 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic 
A)  implicit 
B)  explicit 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic

Question 20

A relatively new concept in validity suggests that the best criteria for determining a measure's validity is that (a) the quality being measured must exist and (b):

Accepted Answer

A)  variations in the quality cause variations in some outcome 
B)  variations in the quality must have a biological basis 
C)  variations in the quality must be independently documented by three or more psychologist 
D)  variations in the quality must accompany variation in a theoretically similar quality 
A)  variations in the quality cause variations in some outcome 
B)  variations in the quality must have a biological basis 
C)  variations in the quality must be independently documented by three or more psychologist 
D)  variations in the quality must accompany variation in a theoretically similar quality

Based on the discussion in the text, "flexible" measures could also be labeled as

The text suggests that

Which of the following concepts suggests that the psychological experiment is a form of social interaction?

The goal of research is to establish facts and principles that can be interpreted within a broader theoretical framework.

A case study method is an example of a ____________ technique.

Personality test items can be influenced by factors such as the phrasing of items and the order of items on a test.

The concept expressing the extent to which our observations are dependable and can be replicated is called

In comparison with case studies, correlational research typically

Discuss the concepts of reliability and validity. Define both concepts, note how they are related to one another, and how they relate to the evaluation of a theory.

Research on O-data suggests that

The text emphasizes that:

Performance on an intelligence test illustrates

Ethics of research involve questions of

Ratings of an individual made by parents, friends, or teachers are an example of _____ data.

The case of Sir Cyril Burt raised the issue of

The term "function" in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) refers to:

In correlational research, the investigator seeks to establish a relationship between two or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to manipulation and control.

In clinical research there is

The term ________ comes from the Greek for the word law, as in general scientific laws.

A relatively new concept in validity suggests that the best criteria for determining a measure's validity is that (a) the quality being measured must exist and (b):

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Social-Cognitive Theory: Extensions, Applications, and Evaluation

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

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Exam 2: The Scientific Study of People

Based on the discussion in the text, "flexible" measures could also be labeled as

The text suggests that

Which of the following concepts suggests that the psychological experiment is a form of social interaction?

The goal of research is to establish facts and principles that can be interpreted within a broader theoretical framework.

A case study method is an example of a ____________ technique.

Personality test items can be influenced by factors such as the phrasing of items and the order of items on a test.

The concept expressing the extent to which our observations are dependable and can be replicated is called

In comparison with case studies, correlational research typically

Discuss the concepts of reliability and validity. Define both concepts, note how they are related to one another, and how they relate to the evaluation of a theory.

Research on O-data suggests that

The text emphasizes that:

Performance on an intelligence test illustrates

Ethics of research involve questions of

Ratings of an individual made by parents, friends, or teachers are an example of _____ data.

The case of Sir Cyril Burt raised the issue of

The term "function" in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) refers to:

In correlational research, the investigator seeks to establish a relationship between two or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to manipulation and control.

In clinical research there is

The term ________ comes from the Greek for the word law, as in general scientific laws.

A relatively new concept in validity suggests that the best criteria for determining a measure's validity is that (a) the quality being measured must exist and (b):

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Social-Cognitive Theory: Extensions, Applications, and Evaluation

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

Filters